Lotion

Synonym(s)

liquid emulsion; Lotions; Oil-in-water emulsions

Definition
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The term "lotion" or lotion is misleading as it is used in cosmetic linguistic usage for a liquid emulsion (e.g. body lotion), i.e. for an O/W emulsion "ointment" (better cream) with a very high water content (see below Ungt. emulsificans aquosum). Both anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers or complex emulsifiers may be included. Just as with hydrophilic creams, preservation is required.

The term lotio (e.g. Lotio alba aquosa) is documented in the medical-pharmaceutical nomenclature in the actual sense for a shaking mixture. However, it is recommended to use the unique term shaking mixture for liquid suspensions.

Pharmacodynamics (Effect)
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Cooling effect. The liquid consistency makes lotions easier to apply than creams to certain areas of the skin, such as hairy or intertriginous areas or hard-to-reach areas.

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Incompatibility
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Benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorocresol, hexachlorophene, β naphthol, nipagine 0.2%, oleum thyme, oxytetracycline-HCl, phenol. liquefact., Pix betulina, Pix juniperi., Pix lithanthracis, polidocanol, resorcinol, salicylic acid, tannin.
Tetracaine HCl and tyrothricin lead to inhomogeneities.
Chloramine T causes a change in smell.
Dithranol, pyrogallol, silver nitrate and tetracycline-HCl cause colour changes.

Preparations
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Ash Base Lotio, Excipial U Hydrolotio, Lipoderm Lotion, La Roche-Posay Hydranorme W/O Emulsion.

The NRF lists a standardised formulation with the"hydrophilic base emulsion (NRFS.25.)".

Note(s)
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Incompatibility with salicylic acid in lotions containing polyacrylic gel (e.g. Ash Base Lotio): The use of polyacrylate gels in lotions is a popular trick to achieve an optimal smooth consistency of a lotion without increasing the fat component.

The polyacrylate gel has its optimum stability at pH 6-8. Salicylic acid, as the stronger acid (pH 2.4), will release the weaker polyacrylic acid from the polyacrylate. This causes the gel structure to collapse spontaneously, recognisable by a spontaneous liquefaction of the lotion up to the consistency of a drinking milk.

Literature
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Wolf G (2012) Inhomogeneities in individual formulations. dermatologist 63: 518-519

Tables
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Compatibility of drugs in hydrophilic lotions

Acridine flavinium chloride 2%	Dexpanthenol 5%	Sodium chloride 10
allantoin 0,5%	Dimetine maleate 1%	neomycin sulfate 0,5%.
aluminium chloride 10%	Dimeticone 10%	Nicotinic acid benzyl ester 3%.
Ammonium bituminosulphonate 10	Diphenhydramine HCl 2%	nitrofurazone 0,2%
Amphotericin B 3%	Erythromycin 2%	Nystatin 100 000 IU/g
anthrarobin 2%	Ethacridine lactate 1%	Oleum Pini 1,5
azulene 0,2%	Eucalyptol 10%	Pheniramine hydrogen maleate 1,25%
bacitracin 500 IU/g	Gentamicin sulphate 0,2	Polyvidon iodine 10%
Bamipine HCl 2%	Urea 10% Urea	Prednisolone 0,5% Prednisolone
Benzocaine 10%	Hydrarg. sulf. rubr. 1%	Procaine HCl 2%
Benzoyl peroxide 5%	hydrocortisone 1%	Sulphur 5%
betamethasone-17-valerate 0,1%	hydroxyquinoline sulfate 0,5%.	Sorbic acid 0,1% of
Bufexamac 5%	potassium iodide 3,5%.	Sulphadiazine 5%
calcium chloride 5%	Camphor 5%	sulfisomidine 5%
Chloramphenicol 1%	Cod liver oil 10%	terpiniol 1,5
Chlorophenoxamine-HCl 1,5% Chlorophenoxamine-HCl 1,5% Chlorophenoxamine	Liq. alum. acet. 20%	Tinctura Myrrh 3%
Chlortetracycline HCl 3%	Liq. carb. deterg. 10%	tretinoin 0.1%
Chrysarobin 5%	Menthol 5%	triamcinolone acetonide 0,1
Clioquinol 5%	Merbromine 2%	Undecylenic acid 5%
clotrimazole 1%	Methyl salicylate 5%	Zinc oxide 10
dexamethasone 0,1%	Lactic acid 5	Zinc undecylenate 5%