Synonym(s)
HistoryThis section has been translated automatically.
Davis, 1966; Buckley, 1972
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Small group of rare immunodeficiency syndromes (multisystemic disease) with the clinical triad: recurrent skin infections mainly caused by staphylococci (e.g. furunculosis), infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchopneumonia-J18.0), excessive increase of serum IgE levels and blood eosinophilia (D72.1).
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Occurrence/EpidemiologyThis section has been translated automatically.
EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.
The most common is an autosomal-dominantly inherited variant with mutations in the so-called hyper-IgE syndrome gene (STAT-3 gene) = HIOB syndrome.
Furthermore, autosomal recessive variants were found with mutations in the DOCK8 gene, ZNF431 gene(zinc finger 431 gene) and the PGM3 gene (protein coding gene, which codes for phosphoglucomutase3). There is no relation to the diseases of the atopic form.
ManifestationThis section has been translated automatically.
LocalizationThis section has been translated automatically.
Skin: Face, hairy head, neck region.
Mucous membranes: Upper and lower airways.
Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.
Mostly manifestation as superinfected atopic eczema with recurrent abscessing infections of the skin (face, neck), the mucous membranes of the upper (sinusitis, otitis media) and lower (pneumonia) airways and lung cysts.
Recurrent bacterial infections with a characteristic distribution pattern: skin (face, hairy head, neck), mucous membranes of the upper airways (sinusitis, otitis media) and lungs (pneumonia). The pathogen is predominantly Staphylococcus aureus, but other Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are also frequently detected. Abscesses often form with and without clinical signs of inflammation (often "cold abscesses", but not obligatory).
Mycotic infections are common, mostly running as mucocutaneous candidiasis, with severe nail dystrophies.
Tooth changes: Persistent milk teeth due to non-apposition or delayed eruption, high arched palate.
Isolated cases with associated cutis verticis gyrata have been described.
LaboratoryThis section has been translated automatically.
DiagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
IgE (polyclonal multiplication usually > 5000 IU/ml)
RAST (often staphylococci and Candida-specific IgE)
Blood count (eosinophilia)
Sputum and abscess smear (eosinophilia)
Lymphocyte transformation test (normal response to PHA and ConA and reduced response to antigens e.g. tetanus).
Differential diagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.
Complication(s)This section has been translated automatically.
External therapyThis section has been translated automatically.
Internal therapyThis section has been translated automatically.
No uniform therapy regimen; the results are often unsatisfactory, symptomatic therapy is the main focus. Therapy adapted to the recurrent infections. Often staphylococcal infections, therefore penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as dicloxacillin (e.g. InfectoStaph) or flucloxacillin (e.g. Staphylex Kps.) 2-3 g/day in 3 ED. Antihistamines like Desloratadine (e.g. Aerius) 1 tbl/day against severe itching. If necessary, anticoagulatory therapy to prevent thrombembolic events. Close-meshed controls for bacterial and mycotic superinfections! Risk of pulmonary insufficiency after recurrent pneumonia.
Glucocorticoids are mainly used for urticarial efflorescences and angioedema in medium dosage, e.g. Prednisolon 40-60 mg/day (e.g. Decortin H Tbl.), slow release, maintenance dose: 2-10 mg/day p.o. Vit. C and cimetidine (e.g. Tagamet Filmtbl. 2 times 200 g/day) should reduce the frequency of infection. The use of isotretinoin should reduce the frequency of staphylococcal infections.
Interferons such as interferon gamma. 0.05 mg/m2 KO have been tried in individual cases. In severe cases, high-dose glucocorticoids in combination with cytostatic drugs such as hydroxycarbamide (e.g. Litalir) 50-80 mg/kg bw/day p.o. are used. Vincristine (especially in cases of a massive increase in eosinophils), etoposide or chlorambucil are also suitable combination partners.
Gamma globulins or plasmapheresis can be tried.
Progression/forecastThis section has been translated automatically.
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Al-Shaikhly T et al (2019) Hyper IgE syndromes: clinical and molecular characteristics. Immunol Cell Biol 97:368-379.
- Belohradsky BH, Thumb S, Kiess W, Griscelli C (1987) Hyper IgE syndrome (Buckley or Job syndrome). Results of internal medicine and pediatrics 55: 1-39
- Buckley RM, Wray BB, Belmaker EZ (1972) Extreme hypergamma immunoglobulinemia E and undue susceptibility to infection. Pediatrics 49: 59
- Buckley RH, Becker WG (1978) Abnormalities in the regulation of human IgE synthesis. Immune Rev 41: 288-314
- Chamlin SL et al (2002) Cutaneous manifestations of hyper-IgE syndrome in infants and children. J Pediatr 141: 572-575
- Davis SD, Schaller J, Wedgwood RJ (1966) Job's syndrome: recurrent, 'cold,' staphylococcal abscesses. Lancet I: 1013-1015
- Grimbacher B et al (1999) Hyper-IgE syndrome with recurrent infections--an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. N Engl J Med 340: 692-702
- Hochreutener H et al (1991) Variant of Hyper-Ig-E Syndrome: The differentiation from atopic dermatitis is important because of treatment and prognosis. Dermatologica 182: 7-11
- Ito R et al (2003) Selective insufficiency of IFN-gamma secretion in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. Allergy 58: 329-336
Incoming links (20)
Bronchiectasis; Buckley syndrome; Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; Dental diseases, skin changes; Dock8 deficiency; Eosinophilia skin changes; Hesa; Hyperimmunoglobulin e staphylococcal abscess syndrome; Ige; Immunodeficient t-cell primary; ... Show allOutgoing links (35)
Antihistamines, systemic; Atopic dermatitis (overview); Atopy; Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; Clioquinol; Clioquinol cream 0.5-2% (o/w); Cutaneous lymphomas (overview); Cytostatics (overview); Desloratadine; Dicloxacillin; ... Show allDisclaimer
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