Hyper-ige syndrome D82.4

Davis, 1966; Buckley, 1972

Small group of rare immunodeficiency syndromes (multisystemic disease) with the clinical triad: recurrent skin infections mainly caused by staphylococci (e.g. furunculosis), infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (bronchopneumonia-J18.0), excessive increase of serum IgE levels and blood eosinophilia (D72.1).

The most common is an autosomal-dominantly inherited variant with mutations in the so-called hyper-IgE syndrome gene (STAT-3 gene) = HIOB syndrome.

Furthermore, autosomal recessive variants were found with mutations in the DOCK8 gene, ZNF431 gene(zinc finger 431 gene) and the PGM3 gene (protein coding gene, which codes for phosphoglucomutase3). There is no relation to the diseases of the atopic form.

Skin: Face, hairy head, neck region.

Mucous membranes: Upper and lower airways.

Mostly manifestation as superinfected atopic eczema with recurrent abscessing infections of the skin (face, neck), the mucous membranes of the upper (sinusitis, otitis media) and lower (pneumonia) airways and lung cysts.

Recurrent bacterial infections with a characteristic distribution pattern: skin (face, hairy head, neck), mucous membranes of the upper airways (sinusitis, otitis media) and lungs (pneumonia). The pathogen is predominantly Staphylococcus aureus, but other Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are also frequently detected. Abscesses often form with and without clinical signs of inflammation (often "cold abscesses", but not obligatory).

Mycotic infections are common, mostly running as mucocutaneous candidiasis, with severe nail dystrophies.

Tooth changes: Persistent milk teeth due to non-apposition or delayed eruption, high arched palate.

Isolated cases with associated cutis verticis gyrata have been described.

IgE (polyclonal multiplication usually > 5000 IU/ml)

RAST (often staphylococci and Candida-specific IgE)

Blood count (eosinophilia)

Sputum and abscess smear (eosinophilia)

Lymphocyte transformation test (normal response to PHA and ConA and reduced response to antigens e.g. tetanus).

No uniform therapy regimen; the results are often unsatisfactory, symptomatic therapy is the main focus. Therapy adapted to the recurrent infections. Often staphylococcal infections, therefore penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as dicloxacillin (e.g. InfectoStaph) or flucloxacillin (e.g. Staphylex Kps.) 2-3 g/day in 3 ED. Antihistamines like Desloratadine (e.g. Aerius) 1 tbl/day against severe itching. If necessary, anticoagulatory therapy to prevent thrombembolic events. Close-meshed controls for bacterial and mycotic superinfections! Risk of pulmonary insufficiency after recurrent pneumonia.

Glucocorticoids are mainly used for urticarial efflorescences and angioedema in medium dosage, e.g. Prednisolon 40-60 mg/day (e.g. Decortin H Tbl.), slow release, maintenance dose: 2-10 mg/day p.o. Vit. C and cimetidine (e.g. Tagamet Filmtbl. 2 times 200 g/day) should reduce the frequency of infection. The use of isotretinoin should reduce the frequency of staphylococcal infections.

Interferons such as interferon gamma. 0.05 mg/m2 KO have been tried in individual cases. In severe cases, high-dose glucocorticoids in combination with cytostatic drugs such as hydroxycarbamide (e.g. Litalir) 50-80 mg/kg bw/day p.o. are used. Vincristine (especially in cases of a massive increase in eosinophils), etoposide or chlorambucil are also suitable combination partners.

Gamma globulins or plasmapheresis can be tried.

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