CD classification

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

Last updated on: 08.08.2023

Synonym(s)

CD Classification; CD Nomenclature; cluster of differentiation

Definition
This section has been translated automatically.

The term Cluster of Differentiation, abbreviation "CD", refers to groups of cellular surface features that have been ordered according to biochemical or functional criteria. The CD classification enables a comprehensible transparency in immunohistological and immunological diagnostics. Currently, 371 cluster molecules are defined and assigned. The protein name is not always identical with the gene name (e.g. CD4- clone 1F6; CD8 - clone DK25).

The CD molecules are mainly membrane-bound glycoproteins. Some of these are expressed in a cell-specific manner. Their detection can therefore have a high diagnostic value in neoplastic and inflammatory processes. Some of the proteins included in the CD-classification have receptor or signaling functions, while others carry out enzymatic activities or are part of intercellular communication.

Classification
This section has been translated automatically.

CD1: Family of several human glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various antigen-presenting cells. They belong to the so-called MHC-like glycoproteins and occur in humans in 5 different isoforms: CD1a-CD1e.
CD1a: Marker for: thymocytes, Langerhans cells, interdigitating cells, B-cell subtypes, dendritic cells, cortical thymocytes, thymomas, T-cell lymphomas, lymphoblasts.
CD1c: Like the other members of the CD1 family, belongs to the MHC-I-like proteins. It is expressed mainly by cortical thymocytes.
CD2: Surface marker for T lymphocytes, NK lymphocytes.
CD3: Surface marker for T lymphocytes, the CD3 complex is associated with the T cell receptor (see below lymphoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
CD4: Marks T helper cells, monocytes, receptor for HIV (see below lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
CD5: Marks T lymphocytes, B cell subset
CD6:
Marker for T cells, thymocytes and CLL B cells and binds CD166. CD6 is responsible for activation, costimulation, adhesion and differentiation of these lymphocytic cells
CD7: T lymphocytes, NK lymphocytes, (the pattern CD3+, CD4+, CD7- = pathognomic for Sézary cells).
CD8: cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cell subset.
CD10: CD10 is a membrane-associated neutral endopeptidase. CD10 is useful in the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemias, follicular lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma, among others.
CD11a: Lymphocytes, (LFA-1), binding partner for CD54 (ICAM-1).
CD11b: monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and NK cells
CD13: myeloid cells, (acute myeloid leukemia)
CD14: marker for: monocytes, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells; also B cells and neutrophils. CD14 is a surface membrane protein and acts as an affinity receptor for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein (LBP) complex.
CD15: CD15 is a marker for: granulocytes, monocytes, myeloid cells, dendritic reticulum cells, Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells, and carcinomas in the epithelia (sebaceous glands, white glands).CD15 serves as a ligand for selectins and is involved in cell adhesion through a direct Lewis X-Lewis X interaction.
CD16: marker for: NK cells, macrophages, neutrophil granulocytes. CD 16 designates two surface proteins from the Fc receptor group.
CD18: Marker for: leukocytes, activated platelets.
CD19: marker for: B cells, not expressed on plasma cells, also expressed in follicular dendritic cells. CD19 is involved in B cell development, activation and differentiation. Expressed by all neoplastic B cells.
CD20: B-lymphocytes, occasionally T-lymphocytes (see also marginal zone lymphoma); CD20 antibodies are successfully used in B-cell lymphomas, in various autoimmune diseases (see below). CD 20 antibodies are successfully used in B-cell lymphomas, in various autoimmune diseases (see also pemphigus vulgaris) and in malignant melanoma.
CD21:
marker for: B cells, follicular dendritic cells. CD21 is involved in B cell activation and proliferation. Belongs to the complement regulatory protein family. CD21 is a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Marks the germinal centers of reactive lymphoid follicles.
CD22:
marker for: mature B cells. CD22 binds CD75 and sialon conjugates.
CD23: marker for: B cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, eosinophilic granulocytes.CD23 is associated with MHC class II antigen. Low affinity receptor for IgE. Expression is upregulated after mitogen or antigen activation. The antibody marks germinal centers of reactive follicles (s.a.CD 35).
CD24:
marker for: B cells, granulocytes
CD25: marker for: activated T and B cells, regulatory T cells, activated monocytes, macrophages. CD25 is the low affinity receptor for IL-2 (IL-2Rα). When combined with CD122 and CD132, CD25 forms the high-affinity IL-2R complex.
CD26: marker for: activated T and B cells, macrophages. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (ectoenzyme). The marker combination CD3+/CD4+/CD26- is pathognomic for Sézary cells in peripheral blood.
CD27: marker for: activated B cells, T cells, NK cells, thymocytes. CD27 belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR). Predominantly expressed by naive helper cells (CD45RA+/CD45RO-).
CD28: Protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD28 is homologous to CTLA-4 (= CD152) and is mainly expressed on activated CD4+T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes; it inhibits T cell proliferation.
CD29:
marker for: leukocytes. CD29 is an integrin beta1 subunit (see integrins below) and binds with alpha and alpha6 integrins(CD49).
CD30: Activated lymphocytes, Sternberg-Reed cells, Ki-1 lymphoma cells in histology (see below lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; lymphomatoid papulosis).
CD31: Transmembrane glycoprotein, also known as platelet-endothelium cell adhesion molecule, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule" PECAM-1. CD31 plays a role in thrombosis and angiogenesis (v. Willebrand factor). It is strongly expressed in endothelial cells and weakly expressed in megakaryocytes, platelets and sporadically in plasma cells.
CD32: marker
for: granulocytes, monocytes, eosinophilic leukocytes, B cells. CD32 is an Fc receptor and active in phagocytosis.
CD33: marker for: monocytes, myeloid progenitor cells. CD33 binds sialon conjugates by adhesion.
CD34: Member of the transmembrane sialomucin protein family expressed by endothelial cells, hematopoietic stem cells and immature fibroblasts(dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans).
CD35:
Immunohistochemical marker (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material) for follicular dendritic cells, B cells, and monocytes in peripheral blood only. CD35 marks follicular germinal centers.
CD36: marker for: platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells. CD36 is a platelet adhesion molecule involved in recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
CD37: Marker for: mature B and T cells, myeloid cells.
CD38: Activated T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, HIV monitoring (CD8/CD38).
CD39:
marker for: macrophages, B cells, basal epithelial cells, dendritic cells.
CD40: marker for: B cells, interdigitating cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells. Binding of CD40 to CD154 on T cells allows growth and differentiation of B- cells.
CD41: marker for: platelets, megakaryocytes. CD41 binds with CD61 to form GPIIb. In addition, CD41 binds fibrinogen, fibronectin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor.
CD43: Acronym for cluster of differentiation 43, CD43 is a marker for T cells (not B cells, except for immature activated B cells); furthermore, myeloid cells (granulocytes, monocytes). Binding of CD40 and CD154 to T cells allows growth and differentiation of B cells. CD43 is not a specific T-cell marker, but co-expression of CD43/CD5 with CD20 is considered an important indicator of the presence of low-malignant B-cell lymphoma (e.g. B-CLL).
CD44: marker for: erythrocytes, leukocytes. CD44 binds hyaluronic acid and mediates leukocyte adhesion.
CD45: all leukocytes
CD45RA: B-lymphocytes, NK-lymphocytes, naive T-lymphocytes
CD45RB

:
CD45RB labels B cells, T cells, macrophages, granulocytes
CD45RO: memory T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes
CD54: adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a)
CD56: NK lymphocytes, higher antigen density upon activation; (Note: CD 56 = identical to neuronal adhesion molecule N-CAM). CD56 is expressed in myeloma cells, in myeloid leukemia, neuroendocrine tumors, adult neuroblastoma, NK/T-cell lymphoma, small cell lung carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma.
CD63: (also LIMP-1 -lysosome integral membrane protein 1- or LAMP-3 lysosomal associated membrane glycoprotein 3). Membrane glycoprotein produced by versch. Cells of the hematopoietic system express it both on the cell surface and inside the cells. In basophilic granulocytes, CD63 is mainly anchored in the granule membranes and is expressed on the membrane surface only upon cell activation in the course of fusion between granule and cell membrane. Thus, CD63 can be used as an activation marker for basophils (see basophil activation assay) (see also CD 203c).
CD68: Transmembrane glycoprotein localized mainly in lysosomes and belongs to the family of LAMP glycoproteins involved in lysosomal transport or endocytosis. The antibody (PG-M1) is suitable for labeling tissue macrophages. It does not stain myeloid progenitor cells, granulocytes or dendritic cells.
CD69: activated T-, B-, NK-lymphocytes
CD79a: Pan B-cell marker (often more sensitive than CD20). Indication: B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Also suitable for detection of B-precursor cells (lymphoblastic leukemias, see also lymphoma, cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, plasmocytoma).
CD95: apoptosis receptor (TNF family; FAS), elevated in viral infections (AIDS). CD95 is one of 6 receptors identified to date that can directly induce apoptosis. CD95 is constitutively expressed in many tissues. CD95 ligand (CD95L) expression is restricted to a few cells, such as activated T cells, macrophages. CD95L is tightly regulated and is not expressed on resting T cells. It is strongly upregulated after stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) / CD3 complex by antigen.
CD103: Integrin; CD103 is produced by intraepithelial T lymphocytes and by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Clinically-diagnostically, it serves as a marker for tumor cells of hairy cell leukemia, among others.
CD117: Kit (also c-Kit) is found mainly in hematopoietic stem cells but also in multipotent and myeloid progenitor cells. CD117 can be activated by its ligand SCF (stem cell factor). Kit is essential for stem cell proliferation and differentiation (hematopoiesis and angiogenesis).
CD141: Thrombomodulin is a protein that functions as a transmembrane receptor for thrombin in the endothelial cell. Thombomodulin regulates coagulation within the uninjured vessel.
CD152: CTLA-4 protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CTLA-4 is homologous to CD28 and is mainly expressed on activated CD4+T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes and inhibits T cell proliferation by decreasing IL-2 receptor expression, thereby decreasing IL-2 production. In various approaches, blockade of CTLA-4 by monoclonal antibodies (see below → ipilimumab) has been shown to inhibit tumor growth (see also melanoma, malignant).
CD191: CD191 refers to the C-C chemokine receptor type 1(CCR1). CD191 is a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which belongs to the G protein-coupled transmembrane chemokine receptors. The CCR1 receptor is expressed at different densities by different cells, such as neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes, monocytes, T cells, osteoclasts.
CD203c Phenotypic marker of basophilic granulocytes (also known as PD-Iβ, PDNP3 and gp130RB13-6).
CD203c = multifunctional ectoenzyme, belongs as ENPP3 to the group of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases - phosphodiesterases (ENPPs). These cleave phosphodiester and phosphosulfate bonds of nucleotides and hydrolyze the nucleotides. CD203c is detected in uterine, prostate, glioma cells as well as colon and bile duct carcinomas. In the hematopoietic system, CD203c is expressed exclusively by mature basophils and mast cells and their CD34+ precursor population. Basophil activation results in a marked increase in CD203c expression on the cell surface, which can be measured using appropriate AK (see basophil activation assay; see also CD 63).
CD206= mannose receptor, a C-type lectin primarily expressed by macrophages and immature dendritic cells. CD206 is also expressed on human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.
CD207 = synonymous with langerin. The protein is expressed by Langerhans cells, CD103-positive dendritic cells of the skin, and CD8-positive dendritic cells of the spleen.
CD280 = mannose receptor, a C-type lectin primarily expressed by macrophages and immature dendritic cells.

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General information
This section has been translated automatically.

CD nomenclature (CD=acronym for "cluster of differentiation"). The CD antigens are also used for immunohistological questions and play an important role in the differentiation of inflammatory and neoplastic infiltrates. See below immunohistology.

Literature
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Oba J et al (2011) Expression of CD10 predicts tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis in malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:1152-1160

Tables
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Immunohistologically applicable markers for B and T cells
	Antigen	Clone	Remarks	Formalin/Paraffin	Frozen section
B-cells	CD19	HD37	B-cell specific	-	+
	CD20	L26	B-cell specific	+	+
	CD21	1F8		+	+
	CD22	4KB128		-	+
	CD23	MHM6		-/+	+
	CD45RA	4KB5	also T-cells	+	+
	CDw75	LN1		+	+
	CD79	JCB117	B-cell specific	+	+
	CD10	SS2/36	CALLA	-	+
	Kappa	polyclonal	light chains	-	+
	Lambda	polyclonal	light chains	-	+
	unknown	VS38c	Plasma cell markers	+	+

T-cells	CD2	MT910		-	+
	CD3	polyclonal	T-cell specific	+	+
	CD4	MT310		-	+
	CD5	DK23		-	+
	CD7	DK24		-	+
	CD8	C8/144B		+	+
	CD26			-	+
	CD43	DF-T1		+	+
	CD45R0	UCHL1		+	+

Overview of immunohistologically applicable antibodies
CD antigen	Cells, structure, annotations and applications
CD1a	cells: thymocytes, Langerhans cells, interdigitating cells, B-cell subtypes
	Structure: Membrane glycoprotein (49 kDa)
	Note: CD1a is expressed in association with beta 2-microglobulin. CD1a antibodies are helpful in assessing the differentiation of T cells in the thymus
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD2	Cells: T cells, NK lymphocytes, thymocytes
	Structure: Transmembrane protein (50 kDa)
	Note: CD2 is a receptor for CD58 (LFA-3) and mediates interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Very early T-cell antigen.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD3	Cells: T-cells, thymocytes
	Structure: Complex of 5 unvarying polypeptide chains (25-28, 21, 20, 16 and 22 kDa)
	Note: CD3 is part of a larger complex that includes the T cell receptor (TCR). T-cell activation by a foreign antigen is presented to the TCR by the MHC.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD4	cells: T-helper cells, thymocytes, monocytes, macrophages
	Structure: Transmembrane protein (59 kDa)
	Note: Binds to MHC class II molecules and is a co-receptor for MHC class II antigen-induced activation. On thymocytes often co-expressed with CD8. CD4+ lymphocytes are involved in the synthesis of immunoglobulins by B cells. CD4 is a receptor for gp120 (envelope protein of HIV-1).
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD5	Cells: T cells, thymocytes, subunit of B cells
	Structure: Transmembrane protein (67 kDa)
	Note: CD5 is a ligand for CD72 expressed on B cells
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD7	Cells: T cells, NK cells, monocytes, pre-B cells
	Structure: Transmembrane protein (40 kDa)
	Note: CD7 (gp40), belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is also expressed in acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-cell ALL). Very early T-cell antigen. The marker combination CD3+CD4+CD7- is pathognomic for Sézary cells in peripheral blood.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD8	cells: cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, thymocytes
	Structure: Transmembrane protein, disulfide linked dimer (32-34 kDa)
	Note: The CD8 antigen acts with the TCR as a co-receptor for MHC class I antigen recognition. On thymocytes often co-expressed with CD4.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD9	Cells: Platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, activated T cells
	Structure: Transmembrane protein (24 kDa)
	Note: The CD9 antigen is associated with integrins and HLA-DR, therefore probably functions in adhesion and signal transduction.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD10	cells: B and T progenitor cells, granulocytes, various cells of epithelial origin
	Structure: Transmembrane protein (100 kDa)
	Note: Membrane-associated neutral endopeptidase. Important as an acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (Common acute lymphatic leukemia antigen [CALLA]).
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD11a	cells: B cells, T cells, monocytes, activated platelets, granulocytes, macrophages
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (170 kDa)
	Note: Belongs to the integrins associated with a subunit of CD18; LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) promotes the adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium. Important ligands of LFA-1 are the intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM?s)
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD14	Cells: monocytes, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells; also B cells and neutrophils
	Structure: Surface membrane protein (53-55 kDa)
	Note: CD14 acts as an affinity receptor for the complex of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and LPS binding protein (LBP).
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD15	cells: granulocytes, monocytes
	Structure: Carbohydrate antigen
	Note: CD15 serves as a ligand for selectins and is involved in cell adhesion through a direct Lewis X-Lewis X interaction. Expressed on leukemic cells of myelo-monocytic origin, in rare cases also in ALL.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD18	Cells: Leukocytes, activated thrombocytes
	Structure: Integrin-ß2 chain (95 kDa)
	Note: see under CD11a
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD19	cells: B cells, not on plasma cells, also follicular dendritic cells
	Structure: Membrane glycoprotein (95 kDa)
	Note: CD19 is involved in B-cell development, activation and differentiation. Expressed by all neoplastic B cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD20	cells: B cells, not on plasma cells, in low density also on T cells
	Structure: Membrane protein (isoforms 33, 35, 37 kDa)
	Note: CD20 is involved in B cell development, activation and differentiation. Expressed in ALL, B-cell CLL, hairy cell leukemia and Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P), IF
CD21	Cells: B cells
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (145 kDa)
	Note: CD21 is involved in B cell activation and proliferation. Belongs to the family of complement regulatory proteins. CD21 is a receptor for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD23	cells: B cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, eosinophils
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (45 kDa)
	Note: CD23 is associated with MHC class II antigen. Low affinity receptor for IgE. Expression is upregulated after mitogen or antigen activation.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD25	cells: activated T and B cells, regulatory T cells, activated monocytes, macrophages
	Structure: Glycoprotein (55 kDa)
	Note: CD25 is the low affinity receptor for IL-2 (IL-2Rα). In combination with CD122 and CD132, CD25 forms the high affinity IL-2R complex.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD26	cells: activated T and B cells, macrophages
	Structure: Glycoprotein (110 kDa)
	Note: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (ectoenzyme). The marker combination CD3+/CD4+/CD26- is pathognomic for Sézary cells in peripheral blood.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD27	cells: activated B cells, T cells, NK cells, thymocytes
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (55 kDa)
	Note: CD27 belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR). Mainly expressed by naive helper cells (CD45RA+/CD45RO-)
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD28	Cells: T cells, plasma cells, thymocytes
	Structure: Membrane protein (44 kDa)
	Note: CD28 is involved in the adhesion of T cells to B cells. CD4+ cells express the antigen more frequently than CD8+ cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD30	cells: activated T and B cells, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells, anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells
	Structure: Transmembrane cytokine receptor (120 kDa)
	Note: CD30 (Ki-1 antigen) belongs to the tumor necrosis factors. The antigen plays a role in regulating the function, differentiation and/or proliferation of normal lymphoid cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD31	cells: stem cells of the myeloid series, platelets
	Structure: Membrane glycoprotein (130 kDa)
	Note: Synonym: Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1). CD31 is involved in the migration of leukocytes through the endothelium. Also involved in platelet activation and aggregation.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD34	Cells: Haematopoietic progenitor cells, pluripotent stem cells, capillary endothelial cells, bone marrow stroma cells
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (110 kDa)
	Note: The highest expressions of CD34 are found on primitive stem cells. They gradually disappear during differentiation and maturation of the progenitor cells. About 60% of all acute B-lymphoid leukemias and 40% of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and up to 5% of acute T-lymphoid leukemias express CD34.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD38	cells: T and B cells, monocytes, plasma cells, thymocytes
	Structure: integral membrane glycoprotein (45 kDa)
	Note: CD38 expressions are dependent on differentiation and activation states of the cells. CD38 is often used as a marker for T and B cell activation. HIV monitoring (CD8/CD38)
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD40	cells: B cells, interdigitating cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells
	Structure: Phosphoglycoprotein (44-48 kDa)
	Note: Binding of CD40 to CD154 on T-cells enables growth and differentiation of B-cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD43	Cells: Leukocytes (resting B cells weak, activated B cells strong expression), platelets
	Structure: Membrane glycoprotein (95-135 kDa)
	Note: Binding of CD40 to CD154 on T cells allows growth and differentiation of B cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD45	Cells: all leukocytes: lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, neutrophils (in decreasing expression density)
	Structure: integral membrane protein (5 isoforms 180-220 kDa)
	Note: Leucocyte common antigen (LCA). CD45 is a major component of the lymphocyte membrane. CD45 antibody helpful in neoplastic B and T cells of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and leukemias.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD45RA	Cells: B cells, naive/resting CD4+/ CD8+ cells, monocytes
	Structure: integral membrane protein (CD45 isoform, 220 kDa)
	Note: CD45RA antibodies can be used for functional differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD45R0	Cells: Memory CD4+ cells, activated T cells, granulocytes, monocytes
	Structure: integral membrane protein (CD45 isoform, 180 kDa)
	Note: CD45R0 antibodies can be used for functional differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G)
CD50	Cells: all leucocytes
	Structure: Membrane protein (120-130 kDa)
	Note: Also known as Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule-3 (ICAM-3), it interacts with LFA-1 in cellular adhesion processes.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P)
CD54	cells: endothelial cells, resting and activated lymphocytes and monocytes
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (90 kDa)
	Note: Also known as Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1). CD54 is the ligand for CD11a (LFA-1). CD54 mediates the adhesion of T cells to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and from T cell to T cell and T cell to B cell interactions. CD54 is also a receptor for rhinoviruses.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD56	cells: NK lymphocytes
	Structure: Membrane glycoprotein (140 kDa)
	Note: CD56 is also expressed by large granular lymphocytes. The antigen is also present on neuronal tissues and some tumours. When activated, a higher antigen density is found.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G), IF
CD58	Cells: Leukocytes, erythrocytes, endothelial cells
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (65-70 kDa)
	Note: Also known as lymphocyte-function associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) and interacting with CD2. CD58 is involved in the adhesion of killer cells and target cells as well as APCs and T cells.
	Application: FACS, IF
CD62L	cells: B and T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells
	Structure: Glycoprotein (75 kDa)
	Note: Synonym: LECAM-1, L-selectin. CD 62L is involved in the ?homing? of lymphocytes to the peripheral lymph nodes.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD63	Cells: Granulocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes, melanoma cells
	Structure: Glycoprotein (40-60 kDa)
	Note: CD63 is an intracellular lysosomal granulaprotein which is translocated to the cell surface after activation of granulocytes/endothelial cells (activation marker). CD63 is identical to ME491, an antigen expressed by melanoma cells and associated with early stages of tumor progression.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P)
CD69	cells: leucocytes, erythrocytes, endothelial cells
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (65-70 kDa)
	Note: Also known as lymphocyte-function associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) and interacting with CD2. CD69 is involved in the adhesion of killer cells and target cells as well as APCs and T cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G), IF
CD95	Cells: CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, variable also on monocytes and granulocytes, tissue
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (40-50 kDa)
	Note Synonyms: Fas, APO-1, CD95 belongs to the group of tumor necrosis factors and is mainly responsible for apoptosis (programmed cell death). Ligand is CD 178, CD95 is upregulated when cells are activated.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P) (G)
CD99	Is expressed on most human tissue. Cortical lymphocytes, almost all hematopoietic cells (except granulocytes). Furthermore in a wide range of tumors (Ewing's sarcoma, T-cell lyphoma, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma)
CD126	cells: activated B cells, CD4+ cells, monocytes, epithelial cells
	Structure: integral membrane protein (80 kDa)
	Note: In combination with CD 130, CD 126 forms the high-affinity IL-6 receptor.
	Application: IHC (G)
CD127	Cells: T cells, monocytes, precursor B cells
	Structure: Membrane glycoprotein (75-80 kDa)
	Note: Synonym: IL-7 receptor-alpha. The receptor expression is downregulated after activation. CD127 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells.
	Application: FACS
CD130	cells: activated B cells, EBV-transformed B cells (high expression), many cell types (low expression)
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (130 kDa)
	Note: In combination with CD 126, CD 130 forms the high-affinity IL-6 receptor.
	Application: FACS
CD134	cells: activated CD4+ cells, virally stimulated CD4+ cells (high expression)
	Structure: Transmembrane glycoprotein (35 kDa)
	Note: CD 134 belongs to the tumor necrosis factors. CD 134 is jointly responsible for the clonal expansion of CD4+ cells and for the formation of memory T cells. CD 134 also appears to be involved in T-cell adhesion processes.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G)
CD154	cells: activated CD4+ cells, also basophils, mast cells
	Structure: Transmembra protein (32 kDa)
	Note: CD 154 belongs to the tumor necrosis factors. CD 154 takes over regulatory tasks in T- and B-cell function.
	Application: FACS
CD178	cells: activated T cells, NK cells
	Structure: Membrane protein (40 kDa)
	Note: Synonym: FAS Ligand (FasL). CD 178 belongs to the tumor necrosis factors. The binding of CD 178 to its receptor CD 95 induces apoptosis.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P)
CD184	cells: hematopoietic cells, dendritic cells
	Structure: Transmembrane surface receptor
	Note: Chemokine receptor. Synonyms: CXCR4, Fusin. Natural ligand of SDF-1. CD 184 is an essential cofactor for the fusion and entry of T-cell lymphotropic HIV-1 viruses in CD4+ T-cells.
	Application: FACS, IHC (P)
CD191	CD191 denotes the C-C chemokine receptor type 1(CCR1). Cells: The CCR1 receptor is expressed by different cells at different densities, such as neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes, monocytes, T cells, osteoclasts.
CD195	Cells: T-cells, monocytes
	Structure: Glycoprotein (45 kDa)
	Note: Chemokine receptor. Synonym: CCR5. Important receptor for RANTES and cofactor for macrophage-trophic HIV strains.
	Application: FACS, IHC
CD209	cells: dendritic cells
	Structure: Transmembrane lectin (44 kDa)
	Note: Synonym: dendritic cell-specific-intracellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). CD209 plays a key role as receptor for various ligands such as ICAM-2, ICAM-3, HIV-1 gp120.
	Application: FACS, IHC (G)