Synonym(s)
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.
You might also be interested in
Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.
TherapyThis section has been translated automatically.
TablesThis section has been translated automatically.
Important AIDS-defining opportunistic infections and tumours
Pathogen / Cause |
Opportunistic infection or tumor |
|
Protozoa |
toxoplasma gondii |
cerebral or disseminated toxoplasmosis |
Cryptosporidium parvum |
chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis |
|
Isospora belli |
chronic intestinal isosporidiosis |
|
| ||
Mushrooms |
pneumocystis carinii |
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
Candida spp. |
Candida esophagitis, bronchitis, tracheitis or pneumonia |
|
cryptococcus neoformans |
extrapulmonary cryptococcosis |
|
histoplasm capsulatum |
disseminated or extrapulmonary histoplasmosis
|
|
| ||
Viruses |
herpes simplex |
chronic herpes simplex ulcers or bronchitis, pneumonia, esophagitis |
Cytomegalovirus |
CMV retinitis, generalized CMV infection (not of liver or spleen) |
|
Jakob Creutzfeld Virus |
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
|
HI-Virus |
HIV encephalopathy, wasting syndrome |
|
| ||
Bacteria |
Salmonella spp. |
rez. Salmonella septicemias |
mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Tuberculosis of any localization |
|
M. avium intracellular |
atypical mycobacteriosis of any localization
|
|
| ||
Tumours |
|
Kaposi's Sarcoma |
malignant lymphomas (e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma, primary cerebral lymphoma) | ||
invasive cervical carcinoma |
Note: In Thailand, Talaromyces marneffei infection is the third most common AIDS-defining disease after tuberculosis and cryptococcosis.
Therapy of non-dermatological opportunistic infections and tumors in AIDS patients
Disease |
Clinic |
Diagnostics |
Therapy |
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
Dry cough, fever, progressive exercise dyspnea, weight loss, performance slump. |
Auscultation mostly o.B.; hypoxemia, LDH-, BSG ↑. |
Cotrimoxazole (e.g. Eusaprim forte) 4 times 1920 mg/day p.o. over 3 weeks. |
X-ray thorax: Interstitial proliferation of drawings, especially middle and subfields. | |||
Alternatively: Pentamidine inhalations (e.g. pentacarinate) 200 mg over 4 days or Atoquavon (Wellvone) 3 times 750 mg/day p.o. over 3 weeks. | |||
Histology, PCR (provoked sputum, BAL, transbronchial biopsy). | |||
| |||
Cerebral toxoplasmosis |
Subacute mono- or hemiparesis, sensitivity disorders, visual field defects, vigilance reduction, change of character, headaches, fever, epileptic seizures. |
CT or NMR: One or more space-occupying lesions with ring or spot-like KM image and perifocal oedema. Pathogen detection by PCR. |
Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) day 1 200 mg, then 100 mg/day p.o. plus sulfadiazine (e.g. sulfadiazine-heyl) 3-4 times 2 g/day p.o. over 4-6 weeks. |
Alternatively: Atovaquon (Wellvone) 4 times 750 mg/day p.o. | |||
| |||
Candida esophagitis |
Dysphagia, tenesmus, diarrhea, weight loss, retrosternal pain. |
Candida detection. |
Fluconazole (Diflucan) 400 mg/day p.o. over 2-3 weeks. |
Alternatively: Itraconazole (Sempera) 2 times 100-200 mg/day p.o. | |||
| |||
CMV-Retinitis |
Restricted field of vision, threat of blindness. |
Characteristic changes of the ocular fundus |
Foscarnet (Foscavir) initial 2 times 90 mg/kg bw/day i.v. in 500 ml NaCl 0.9% over 2-3 weeks; maintenance therapy: 90 mg/kg bw i.v. 5 days/week for life. |
Alternatively: Ganciclovir (Cymeven) 2 times 5 mg/kg bw/day for 3 weeks, then maintenance therapy with 6 mg/kg bw for 5 days/week. | |||
Alternatively, intravitreal injections or implantation of a drug depot (pellets) by specialized ophthalmologists. |
Secondary prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in AIDS
Disease |
Substance |
Dosage |
Preparation |
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
Cotrimoxazole |
480 mg/day p.o. or 960 mg 3 times/week |
eusaprim forte |
Dapson |
100 mg twice a week p.o. |
Dapsone Fatol |
|
Toxoplasmosis |
Cotrimoxazole |
480 mg/day p.o. |
eusaprim forte |
Alternative: Pyrimethamine |
50-75 mg/day p.o. |
Daraprim |
|
Alternative: Folinic acid |
5 mg/day p.o. |
leather folate |
|
Systemic candidiasis |
Fluconazole |
50 mg/day p.o. or 3 times 100 mg/week |
Diflucan |
Alternative: Itraconazole |
100 mg/day p.o. |
Sempera |
|
Aspergillosis |
Itraconazole |
400-600 mg/day p.o. |
Sempera |
Alternative: Amphotericin B |
0.75 mg/kg bw i.v. 2-3 times/week |
amphotericin B |
|
Cryptococcosis |
Fluconazole |
200 mg/day p.o. |
Diflucan |
Alternative: Itraconazole |
400 mg/day p.o. |
Sempera |
|
Histoplasmosis |
Itraconazole |
200-400 mg/day p.o. |
Sempera |
Alternative: Fluconazole |
200-400 mg/day p.o. |
Diflucan |
|
Atypical mycobacteriosis |
Rifabutin |
300 mg/day p.o. |
Mycobutin |
Alternative: Azithromycin + Rifabutin |
1200 mg/week p.o. + 300 mg/week p.o. |
Ultreon + Mycobutin |
|
Alternative: Clarithromycin |
2 times 500 mg/day p.o. |
Klacid, Mavid |
|
shingles |
Aciclovir |
2 times 400-800 mg/day p.o. |
Aciclovir |
CMV retinitis |
Ganciclovir (alternating with foscarnet) |
5-6 mg/kg bw 5 times/week i.v. |
Cymeven |
Foscarnet |
90-120 mg 5 times/week IV |
Foscavir |
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Hamouda O (2003) HIV/AIDS surveillance in Germany. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 32: S49-54
- Kelly JA et al (2003) The newest epidemic: a review of HIV/AIDS in Central and Eastern Europe. Int J STD AIDS 14: 361-371
- Knodela J et al. The impact of the AIDS epidemic on older persons. AIDS 16: S77-83
- Letvin NL et al (2003) Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy in AIDS virus infections. Nat Med 9: 861-866
- Sabin CA (2002) The changing clinical epidemiology of AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. AIDS 16: S61-68
- Scadden DT (2003) AIDS-related malignancies. Annu Rev Med 54: 285-303
- Weiss RA (2003) HIV and AIDS: looking ahead. Nat Med 9: 887-891
Incoming links (19)
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Aids embryopathy; Aids full picture; Aids-related complex; Atovaquon; Dermatitis-arthritis syndromes; Foscarnet; Ganciclovir; Gynecomastia; Hiv infection; ... Show allOutgoing links (4)
Aids-related complex; Hiv infection; Infections opportunistic; Talaromyces marneffei infections;Disclaimer
Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.