Chemokine receptors

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

chemokine receptor; Chemokine Receptors

Definition
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G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with seven transmembrane α helices (TM7), which belong to the rhodopsin superfamily. Chemokine receptors bind their respective ligands with high affinity. The binding of a chemokine to its specific receptor on the cell surface, mediated by a Ga1-containing G-protein complex, leads to the formation of a short-lived intracellular signal. The subsequent signal transduction then leads to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Some chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4, can lead to the generation of longer-lasting signals by activating protein kinase B. Activation of the protein kinases ultimately results in chemotaxis of the target cell directed to the source of the chemokines. Similar to the chemokine subfamilies, chemokine receptors are classified. A distinction is made between CC chemokine receptors (CCR1-CCR11) and CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR1-CXCR6).

Carriers of a certain variant (delta 32) of the chemokine receptor CCR5 show a certain resistance to infections by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). The reason for this is that CCR5, in addition to CD4, acts as a core receptor in an HIV-1 infection.

General information
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chemokine receptors with the (currently known) associated ligands

chemokine receptors Ligands
CCR1 (CD191)

CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL23

CCR2 (CD192) CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13, CCL16
CCR3 (CD193)

CCl5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL15, CCL24, CCL26

CCR4 (CD194) CCL17, CCL22
CCR5 (CD195) CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL14, CCL16
CCR6 CCL20 (beta-defensins)
CCR7 CCL19, CCL21
CCR8 CCL1, CCL4, CCL16, CCL17
CCR9 CCL25
CCR10 CCL26, CCL27, CCL28
CXCR1 (CD181, CD128a, Interleukin-8Ra) CXCL6, CXCL8
CXCR2 (CD182, CD128b, IL-8Rb)

CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8

CXCR3 (CD183) CXCL10, CXCL11
CXCR3 (CD183) CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11
CXCR4(CD184) CXCL12
CXCR5 (CD185) CXCL13
CXCR6 CXCL16
CXCR7 CXCL11, CXCL12
CX3CR1 CX3CL1

Literature
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  1. Baggiolini M (1998) Chemokines and leukocyte traffic. Nature 392: 565-568
  2. Rossi D, Zlotnik A (2000) The biology of chemokines and their receptors. Ann Rev Immunol 18: 217-242
  3. Zlotnik A, Yoshie O (2000) Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity 12: 121-127

Outgoing links (2)

Chemokines; G-proteins;

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020