Coriander

Authors: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer, Prof. Dr. med. Martina Bacharach-Buhles

Last updated on: 25.05.2023

Synonym(s)

Arabic parsley; Asian parsley; Bug Boys; Bug Dill; Bugweed; Caliander; Caliander Oil; Coriander; Coriandrum sativum; Garden coriander; Spice coriander; Vertigo; Wall Lousewort

Definition
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Coriander (koris = bug; amon = anise) is an annual, probably originally from the Mediterranean region, now widespread worldwide, 30-90 cm tall, bug-smelling plant of the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The whole plant is glabrous. Young leaves are roundish, broad and tripartite. Coriander flowers from June to July. Its 0.2-0.5 cm seeds are yellow to brown and purple at the tip. The dried seed is a popular bread seasoning. The fruits are almost spherical and have two parts.

Phytotherapeutic uses include the coriander oil, Coriandri aetheroleum (syn. Oleum Coriandri) and the coriander fruit, Coriandri fructus (syn. Fructus Coriandri).

HMPC: not edited

ESCOP: not edited

Commission E - Monograph: Dyspeptic complaints, loss of appetite.

Folk medicine: internally: diarrhea, in mixtures with other stomach remedies: indigestion, flatulence, stomach cramps.

Ingredients
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Coriander contains numerous essential ingredients such as linalool (component of many essential oils e.g. hops, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, basil), geraniol (in geraniums and roses), pinen (in spruce needles, dill, fennel, caraway, rosemary), limes (in lemon and orange oil), terpinen(bergamot oil, tea tree oil).

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Effects
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An essence is obtained by "steam distillation" of the dried seeds and leaves(Coriandrum sativum oil): weak spasmolytic, flatulence and digestive.

The fatty oil extracted from the seeds of coriander(Coriandrum sativum seed oil) is used in detergents and as an emollient in the cosmetics industry.

Coriandrum sativum extract (INCI) is a fruit and leaf extract from the coriander plant used in cosmetic products. It has antiseborrheic effects.

Field of application/use
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Coriander essential oil is well tolerated by the skin and has an antimicrobial effect with particularly good efficacy against streptococci. In studies it has been used in superinfected nummular eczema ( LOE-D). With a fat emulsion containing 0.5% coriander oil, UV-induced erythema could be inhibited significantly better than with placebo, but weaker than with 1% hydrocortisone (LOE-A). Another indication is superinfected atopic eczema.

Folk use: internally for diarrhea, in mixtures with other stomach remedies for indigestion with flatulence and stomach cramps. In Central and South America for bladder disorders, menstrual cramps, contraception and as an abortifacient.

Trade names
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A lipolotion with 1% coriander oil for extensive skin care is available in pharmacies (Bedan Milk Caliander).

Literature
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Augustin M et al. (2004) Phytotherapy in skin diseases. Basic-practice studies Elsevier, Munich.
Casetti F, Bartelke S, Biehler K, Augustin M, Schempp CM, FranCasetti F et al. (2012) Antimicrobial activity against bacteria with dermatologica relevance and skin tolerance of the essential oil from Coriandrum sativum L. fruits. Phytother Res 26:420-424
Reuter J et al. (2008) Anti-inflammatory potencial of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test. JDDG 6: 847-851
https://www.awl.ch/heilpflanzen/coriandrum_sativum/koriander.htm
https://plants.fnr.de/industrialplants/medicinalplants/plants-database.