Synonym(s)
black spot; brown spot; Dark spot; farmer's stain
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Sharp or blurred skin discoloration of varying size and colour compared to normal skin. A spot can be easily recognized by stroking over the change with closed eyes and feeling no change (increase) compared to the normal environment. "A spot cannot be felt". Stains differ in colour, size and arrangement. Larger stains (larger than 1 cm) are referred to as "patches" in Anglo-American literature.
ClassificationThis section has been translated automatically.
- Topography of different pigments in the skin (corneal, epidermal, epidermal/dermal, dermal)
- Size
- Distribution (isolated, grouped, disseminated, confluent)
- Arrangement patterns (gyriated, herpetiform, anular, serpiginous, in Blaschko lines, segmental, random)
- Structural and functional classification (follicular, sweat glands, contact points, light exposed, random)
- Topographical assignment (various body regions, field skin, groin skin, seborrhoeic zones, intertriginous)
- Boundary (sharp-edged, blurred, arched, jagged, random)
- Structural classification (follicular, naevoid, segmental, random)
- Topographic classification (body regions, field skin, groin skin)
- Colours (brown, blue to black blue)
- Type of colour pigments (blood pigment of different degradation levels, melanin, foreign substances, metabolic products, drugs)
Clinical pictureThis section has been translated automatically.
Clinical examples of stains:
- (Foreign) pigment (epidermal/corneal):
- Cignoline
- Dihydroxyacetone
- Dermographism niger
- Erythrasma
- Carotinosis
- Pityriasis versicolor
- Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris.
- Melanin (epidermal):
- acanthosis nigricans
- Arsenic Melanosis
- Becker-Naevus
- Café-au-lait stains
- Chloasma
- vagan cutis
- Eczema, atopic
- Elastoidosis cutanea nodularis et cystica
- Ephelids
- ichthyosis congenita
- Ichthyosis vulgaris, autosomal dominant
- Lentigo, naevoid
- lentigo simplex
- lentigo solaris
- Melaena neonatorum
- Melanoderma, diffuse
- Melanosis, Riehl-Melanosis
- nevus spilus
- Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- Porphyria cutanea tarda
- Papillomatosis confluens et reticularis
- Pellagra
- Pellagroid
- Scleroderma, progressive systemic
- Tar Melanose
- urticaria pigmentosa
- xeroderma pigmentosum
- Melanin (dermal):
- Melanin (epidermal/dermal):
- Lichenoid dermatitis
- incontinentia pigmenti
- lichen planus
- Erythema dyschromicum perstans
- Lupus erythematodes chronicus discoides
- Dermatitis, Berloque dermatitis
- melanodermatitis toxica
- melanodermia factitia
- atrophodermia idiopathica et progressiva
- hyperpigmentation, caloric
- Melanoerythroderma Vaselinoderm
- dermatitis bullosa pratensis
- Drug reaction, fixed.
- Foreign pigment (dermal):
- Argyria
- Arsenic Melanosis
- Chrysiasis
- Tattoo
- Bismuth.
- Metabolic products (dermal):
- M. Wilson
- Icterus (biliary dyes).
- Melanin + blood pigment in different degradation stages (dermal):
- Blood pigment in different degradation stages (dermal):
- Ecchymosis syndrome, painful
- Hematoma
- non-inflammatory purpura
- Vasculitis.
Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer
