Adrenalin
Synonym(s)
Definition
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Biogenic hormone of the adrenal medulla, neurotransmitter of adrenergic neurons in the CNS, catecholamine which belongs to the sympathomimetics.
Half-life
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Indication
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Acute bronchial asthma, anaphylactic shock. Additive to local anaesthetics (to reduce their absorption and thus toxicity and prolong their effect), haemostasis on skin and mucous membrane.
Remember! Do not use local anaesthetics containing adrenaline and tampons in the acral area. Risk of necrosis!
Limited indication
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Dosage and method of use
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- Acute bronchial asthma: 0.2-0.5 mg s.c. or by inhalation.
- Anaphylactic shock: dilute 1 ml ampoule (1:1000) with 9 ml NaCl 0.9% (1 ml = 0.1 mg), adults 1 ml of the diluted solution slowly i.v., if necessary equal dose after approx. 5 min.; children 0.1 ml of the diluted solution/10 kg bw i.v.
- Local anaesthesia: Procaine 0.05 ml of solution 1:1000 per 10 ml, half of the diluted solution for lidocaine.
- Hemostasis: Press the tampon onto the wound with max. 10 drops of the solution diluted 10 times (0.01%).
Undesirable effects
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Interactions
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Contraindication
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Preparations
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Tables
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Major interactions of adrenaline
Alimemazine |
RR drop, adrenaline reversal |
Amantadine |
Reciprocal toxicity ↑, enhanced central effects. |
Antidepressants, tricyclic. |
Blood pressure crisis, avoid combination |
Appetite inhibitors |
RR rise, reciprocal toxicity ↑ |
Acetazolamide |
Adreanlin effect ↓ |
Bromocriptine |
reciprocal toxicity ↑ |
Clozapine |
RR drop, reversal of effect |
Diclofenamide |
Adrenaline effect ↓ |
Dihydralazine |
Angina pectoris, tachycardia, dihydralazine effect ↓ |
L-dopa |
sympathomimetic effect ↑ |
Enflurane |
Cardiac arrhythmias |
Guanethidine |
RR increase, guanethidine effect ↓ |
Guanfacine |
Guanfacine effect ↓ |
Halothane |
Cardiac arrhythmia, death |
Cardiac glycosides |
ventricular arrhythmias |
Hyperglycemia |
|
Isoflurane |
Cardiac arrhythmias |
Hyperglycemia |
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Metoclopramide |
Avoid combination |
Mianserin |
sympathomimetic effect ↑ |
Neuroleptics |
RR drop, adrenal reversal |
Procarbazine |
Hypertensive crisis |
α -receptor blockers |
RR drop, reversal of effect |
β-Receptor blockers |
Bradycardia, hypertension |
Thyroid hormones |
Coronary insufficiency |
β-sympathomimetics |
Reciprocal toxicity ↑ |
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Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer
