Hypercalcemia E83.58

Hypercalcemia is an electrolyte disorder and is defined in adults as total calcium i.s. >2.7nmol/l; ionized calcium > 1.3nmol/l.

The causes of more than 80% of hypercalcemia are due to malignancies with osteoclastic metastases and parathyroid hyperfunction.

Less common causes include immobilization due to osteoporosis, sarcoidosis, and severe fractures.

Familial hyocalcemias:

• Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: mutation of CYP24A1.
• Familial hypocalcuric hypercalcemia (FHH): Autosomal dominant mutation with disturbances in the calcium-sensing receptor signaling pathway.

Possibly symptoms of an underlying tumor disease.

Hypercalcemia symptoms:

• Kidney: Polyuria and polydipsia(renal diabetes insipidus) - if left untreated may lead to exsiccosis, anuria, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalciosis.
• Nervous system: headache, psychosis, somnolence and even coma.
• gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting and weight loss
• Other: Bone pain and cardiac arrhythmias.

Forced diuresis, stop calcium intake, for tumor-induced hypercalcemia. Biphosphonates