FPR1 gene

The FPR1 gene (FPR1 stands for: formyl peptide receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.41. The signaling pathways associated with this gene include class A/1 (rhodopsin-like receptors) and GPCR downstream signaling pathway. An important paralog of this gene is FPR1/2.

The FPR gene family encodes the formyl peptide receptors FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3 (formerly FPR, FPRL1 and FPRL2). These are G-protein-coupled receptors that are mainly expressed by mammalian phagocytic leukocytes. FPRs are involved in the antibacterial defense and inflammatory responses of the host organism. The FPR1 gene encodes the FRP1 receptor protein, a G-protein-coupled receptor of mammalian phagocytic cells that belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family. The receptor mediates the response of phagocytic cells to the invasion of microorganisms into the host and is important for host defense and inflammation.

The FPR1 gene encodes a high-affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides (fMLP), which are potent chemotactic factors for neutrophils (Maestes DC et al. 1999; Postma B et al. 2004; Boulay F et al. 1990). Binding of fMLP to the receptor stimulates intracellular calcium mobilization and the release of superoxide anions (Murphy PM et al. 1991). This response is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (Maestes DC et al.1999). Receptor for TAFA4, mediates its effect on chemotactic macrophages, promotes phagocytosis and increases the release of ROS. The receptor for cathepsin CTSG leads to increased phagocyte chemotaxis (Sun R et al. 2004)

Diseases associated with FPR1 include aggressive periodontitis and cyclic neutropenia.

1. Boulay F et al. (1990) Synthesis and use of a novel N-formyl peptide derivative to isolate a human N-formyl peptide receptor cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168:1103-1109.
2. Maestes DC et al.(1999) Differential phosphorylation paradigms dictate desensitization and internalization of the N-formyl peptide receptor. J Biol Chem 274:29791-2975.
3. Murphy PM et al. (1991) Functional expression of the human formyl peptide receptor in Xenopus oocytes requires a complementary human factor. J Biol Chem 266:12560-12567.
4. Postma B et al. (2004) Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus binds specifically to the C5a and formylated peptide receptor. J Immunol 172:6994-7001.
5. Sun R et al. (2004) Identification of neutrophil granule protein cathepsin G as a novel chemotactic agonist for the G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor. J Immunol 173:428-436.