Palmoplantar keratoses (overview) Q82.8

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 18.02.2024

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Synonym(s)

Hereditary palmoplantar keratoses; Hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris; Keratodermia palmoplantare; Keratoma palmare et planttare hereditarium; Keratoses palmoplantar; Keratosis palmoplantar; palmoplantar keratoses; Palmo-plantar keratoses; Palmoplantar keratoses; Palmoplantar keratosis; PKK

Definition
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Hereditary or sporadically acquired cornification disorder of the palms and soles. Acquired PCD usually occurs later in life, has no genetic background, and can usually be further attributed etiopathogenetically by a subtle history. A hereditary PKK will be suspected if the first manifestation occurs in early childhood, a positive family history, resistance to therapy and a permanently present clinical picture are present.

Classification
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According to clinical spectra, hereditary palmoplantar keratoses can be divided as follows:

Diffuse PKK

  • Keratosis palmoplantaris diffusa with mutations in KRT 1 (Keratosis extremitatum hereditaria transgrediens et progrediens type Greither)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris diffusa with mutations in KRT 9 (Keratosis palmoplantaris diffusa circumscripta Unna-Thost (mutation of the KRT9 gene)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris cum degeneratione granulosa -type Vörner (mutation of KRT9/1 gene)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris transgrediens et progrediens with mutations in SLURP1 (Mal de Meleda; mutation of the SLURP1 gene)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris with scleratrophy (Huriez syndrome)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris with mutations in connexin 26
  • Bart-Pumphrey syndrome with mutations in connexin 26 (GJB2 gene)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris, aquagenic, diffuse, with mutation in AQP5 (Bothnia type) (mutation of AQP5 gene aquaporin)
  • Keratosis plamoplantaris type Nagashima (mutation of SERPINB7 gene)
  • Loricrin keratoderm (mutation in the loricrin gene)
  • Keratosis palmoplantaris aquagene with mutation in CFTR

  • Clericuzio-type poikiloderma with neutropenia, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, pachyonychia, and palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis. Mutations in the C16orf57 gene located on chromosome 16q13.

Diffuse mutilating PKK

Focal/punctate PKK

Striated PKK

Ectodermal dysplasias

Other and syndromic PKK

Diagnosis
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Clinical: The following aspects are indicative for PPK: beginning in childhood, positive FA, cosanguinity of the parents. Infection of other organ systems: hair, nails, hyperhidrosis, blistering, hearing and vision problems; neurological symptoms; resistance to therapy.

Genetic: The various Although the various forms of PKK are genetically very variable, they usually involve genes that code for epidermal structural proteins or different types of proteins. These genes code for epidermal structural proteins or control various processes during epidermal differentiation.

Differential diagnosis
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All acquired palmoplantar keratoses are important in the differential diagnosis:

Diffuse:

Paraphrased:

  • Verrucae (viral warts)
  • Pits in Darier's disease
  • Psoriasis palmoplantaris (streaky or circumscribed roundish)
  • Syphilitic clavi

Therapy
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A cure for the genetically caused PKK is currently not possible. Symptomatic therapy is indicated according to the individual clinical pictures. See under the individual clinical pictures.

Literature
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  1. Blaydon DC et al (2013) Mutations in AQP5, encoding a water-channel protein, cause autosomal-dominant diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Am J Hum Genet 93:330-335
  2. Brown-Falco M(2018) Ichthyoses. In: Braun-Falco`s Dermatology, Venereology Allergology G. Plewig et al (eds) Springer Verlag pp 1092-1093.

  3. Dahlqvist J et al (2010) A single-nucleotide deletion in the POMP 5' UTR causes a transcriptional switch and altered epidermal proteasome distribution in KLICK genodermatosis. Am J Hum Genet 86:596-603.

  4. Has C et al (2016) Keratosis palmoplantaris: clinical and genetic aspects JDDG 14: 123-142.

  5. Schiller S et al (2014) Palmoplantar keratoses (PKK): acquired and genetic causes of a not so rare condition. JDDG 12: 781-793

Disclaimer

Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.