Ethambutol
Synonym(s)
EMB
Definition
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Half-life
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4–5 h
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Pharmacodynamics (Effect)
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Inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis.
Indication
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Combination therapy of tuberculosis and therapy-resistant infections caused by atypical mycobacteria.
Limited indication
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Restricted kidney function.
Dosage and method of use
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20 mg/kg bw/day p.o. or i.v., no administration to children.
Notice! During pregnancy administration in combination with isoniazid and rifampicin is possible.
Standard concentration
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1-5 ml of a 10% solution for instillation for tuberculous pleuritis.
Undesirable effects
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- Cutaneous ADRs: Pruritus, maculopapular exanthema, toxic epidermal necrolysis, among others.
- Extracutaneous ADRs: fever, retrobulbar neuritis with visual impairment and disturbance of red-green vision, hyperuricemia, arthralgias, peripheral neuropathy.
Notice! Regular ophthalmological check-ups are necessary before and during therapy.
Interactions
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Delayed absorption of EMB by antacids, cancellation of EMB effect by magnesium, disulfiram increases the risk of N. opticus neuritis
Contraindication
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Pre-damage of the optic nerve.
Preparations
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EMB-Fatol, Myambutol
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Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer