PADI3 gene

The PADI3 gene (PADI3 stands for: peptidyl-arginine deiminase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1p36.13. This gene is present in a cluster with four other paralogous genes. Associated pathways include chromatin organization and protein citrullination. An important paralog of this gene is PADI1.

The PADI3 gene encodes a member of the peptidyl arginine deiminase enzyme family, which catalyzes the post-translational deimination of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrulline in the presence of calcium ions. The members of this family have different substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression patterns.

The type III enzyme modulates hair structural proteins such as filaggrin in the hair follicle and trichohyalin in the inner root sheath during hair follicle formation. Together with the type I enzyme, this enzyme may also play a role in the terminal differentiation of the epidermis.

Diseases associated with PADI3 include:

unkempt hair syndrome

and

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA)

1. Ezekwe N et al. (2020) The Use of Natural Ingredients in the Treatment of Alopecias with an Emphasis on Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia: A Systematic Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 13:23-27.
2. Gathers RC et al. (2009) Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: past, present, and future. J Am Acad Dermatol 60:660-668.
3. Kanti V et al (2018) Scarring alopecia. JDDg 16: 435-4611
4. Khumalo NP et al. (2007) Hairdressing and the prevalence of scalp disease in African adults. Br J Dermatol 157:981-988.
5. Lawson CN et al (2021) Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia: Challenges and Treatments. Dermatol Clin 39:389-405.
6. LoPresti P et al (1968) Hot comb alopecia. Arch Dermatol 98:234-238.