DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
An epiallele is a variant of a specific gene locus (allele) that does not differ in its DNA sequence, but only in epigenetic modifications. For example, two epialleles have identical nucleotide sequences but different epigenetic states, which can lead to different gene activities.
General informationThis section has been translated automatically.
Central characteristics
- Unchanged DNA sequence: No mutation, no insertion/deletion.
Epigenetic differences:
- DNA methylation (e.g. at the promoter or in enhancers)
- Histone modifications
- Chromatin structure
- Stability: Can be passed on via cell divisions (mitotic) and sometimes via generations (meiotic).
Biological significance
- Gene expression: A gene locus can be "active" (hypomethylated) or "silent" (hypermethylated) in an epiallel.
- Phenotypic variation: Different expressions of a trait without DNA mutation.
Development and adaptation: Important in plants (flower color, seed size) and also in animals/humans (e.g. imprinting).
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Heard E et al. (2014) Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Myths and Mechanisms. Cell 157: 95-109.
