Corpus gastritis K29.7

Gastritis was first described in autopsies in the 1800s (Kayacetin 2104).

Phlegmonous gastritis was first described by Fränkl in 1889 (Trum 2014).

The classification into acute and chronic gastritis was first made in 1947 (Kayacetin 2104).

The connection between the colonization of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori and the development of gastritis was proven in 1983 by a self-experiment by Barry Marshall, who first described the disease (Trede 1994 / Hahn 1999).

The most common classification of gastritis is the Sydney classification, which was presented at the World Congress of Gastroenterology in Sydney in 1990 (Krams 2010).

Corpus gastritis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the area of the stomach corpus (Suttorp 2007).

Gastritis can be acute or chronic (Herold 2025).

Chronic corpus gastritis:

• includes the risk of developing gastric corpus carcinoma
• reduces the risk of developing reflux esophagitis by 50 % (El-Serag 1999)

In autoimmune gastritis, there are:

• Pyloric gland adenomas

These are comparatively rare and occur preferentially in older women. They have a high risk of neoplastic progression (Langner 2017).

Corpus gastritis can occur in the context of:

• Type A gastritis
• Type B gastritis
• Crohn's disease (Mörkl 2023)

Initially, antibodies against partial cells and intrinsic factor are formed. This in turn impedes the absorption of orally administered vitamin B12, resulting in pernicious anemia (Scholz 2005). In addition, hypoacidic conditions lead to stimulation of gastrin-producing G cells with hypergastrinemia. This in turn also stimulates the growth of ECL cells, from which tumors can develop after many years of existence (Höfler 2019).

An increase in ECL cells (histamine-producing "enterochromaffin cells-like cells") is found in autoimmunologically induced atrophic corpus gastritis in particular. (Höfler 2019).

Helicobacter pylori gastritis:

Gastritis caused by H. pylori is usually characterized by antrum-dominant gastritis with typical erosions. Sometimes, however, there is also corpus-dominant gastritis without erosions, but with erythema and edema (Braun 2022).

Autoimmune gastritis:

In this case, the changes are usually limited to the corpus, but occasionally localized in the fundus (Braun 2022).

Chronic atrophic corpus gastritis:

In this case, histologically only a few changes are found in the area of the mucosa, mostly in the form of surface gastritis (Goebell 1992).

Patients with chronic atrophic corpus gastritis and pernicious anemia should undergo annual gastroscopy in order to detect gastric carcinoma at an early stage (Goebell 1992).

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