Calcium antagonists, side effects

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

Side effects of calcium antagonists; Side effects of calcium blocker; Side effects of calcium channel blocker; Side effects of calcum antagonists

Definition
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Calcium channel antagonists are drugs that reduce or prevent the influx of calcium into the cell, thus causing a decoupling of electrical excitation of the cell and muscle contraction: reduction of vascular resistance, especially in the arterial part (vasodilation, RR drop), oxygen conservation.

Half-life
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3,4 ± 1,2 h

Indication
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In dermatology, calcium antagonists are used in the therapy of peripheral circulatory disorders, especially Raynaud's syndrome, but also in systemic scleroderma or systemic lupus erythematosus.

Notice! In women of childbearing age, pregnancy must be ruled out before and during therapy and effective contraception must be used!

Limited indication
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Pregnancy 2nd and 3rd trimester, lactation, heart failure.

Dosage and method of use
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2-3 times/day 10-20 mg p.o. under regular blood pressure control.

Undesirable effects
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Interactions
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See Table 1.

Contraindication
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Pregnancy 1st trimester, aortic stenosis, AV block, severe hypertension, fresh heart attack, hypotension (< 90 mm Hg systolic).

Preparations
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Adalat, Aprical, Cisday, Duranifin, Nife, Nifedipate, Nifedipine, Diltiazem

Tables
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Essential interactions of calcium antagonists

Amiodarone

AV block, bradycardia

Antiarrhythmics

Delay of the AV transition, cardiodepression

Antihypertensives

RR waste ↑

Ciclosporin A

Gingival hyperplasia, calcium antagonist toxicity ↑, avoid combination

Digoxin

Digoxin level ↑

Disopyramide

Cardiodepression

Fentanyl

Hypotension

Inhalation anaesthetics

AV block, cardiodepression

Calcium preparations

Calcium antagonist effect ↓

Magnesium preparations

Calcium antagonist effect ↑

Molsidomine

RR waste ↑

Naringin (grapefruit juice)

Calcium antagonist toxicity ↑

Nitro preparations

RR waste ↑

Pentoxifylline

RR waste ↑

α1 receptor blockers

RR waste ↑

β -receptor blockers

Heart failure, RR waste ↑

Rifampicin

Calcium antagonist effect ↓

Saluretics

RR waste ↑

Loop diuretics

RR waste ↑

Thiazide diuretics

RR waste ↑

Vasodilators

RR waste ↑

Authors

Last updated on: 29.10.2020