Leukemia, monocyte leukemia C92.7

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Definition
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Acute leukaemia with washout of monocyte-like, usually strongly esterase-positive cells. There is often considerable gingival hyperplasia. Pronounced resistance to therapy. Specific skin changes are rare.

Manifestation
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Mostly occurring in adults. Occurs in acute or subacute monocyte leukemias.

Clinical features
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  • Acute, disseminated, 0.3-5.0 cm large, partially scaly, brownish to bluish red papules, plaques or nodules.
  • Nodular form: multiple, brownish bluish red plaques and nodules which tend to confluence.
  • Diffuse infiltration of the gingiva with gingival hyperplasia.

Histology
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  • Monomorphic, concentric or figurate pattern of neoplastic cells in cutis and subcutis, especially perivascular and periadnexual.
  • Immunohistology: Positive for lysozyme, LN2 (CD74) and MT1 (CD43).

Differential diagnosis
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Malignant lymphomas of high malignancy.

Therapy
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Treatment of the underlying disease by the internist. Skin alterations: soft X-ray therapy. Development of radiation resistance in a short time.

Progression/forecast
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Mostly exitus lethalis after 4-6 months.

Literature
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  1. Azoulay E et al (2003) Acute monocytic leukemia presenting as acute respiratory failure. At J Respir Crit Care Med 167: 1329-1333
  2. Fialkow PJ et al (1979) Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: expression in cells restricted to granulocytic and monocytic differentiation. N Engl J Med 301: 1-5
  3. Montuori N et al (1999) Expression of the 67-kDa laminin receptor in acute myeloid leukemia cells mediates adhesion to laminin and is frequently associated with monocytic differentiation. Clin Cancer Res 5: 1465-1472
  4. Murashige N et al (2002) Occurrence of acute monocytic leukemia in a case of untreated Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. At J Hematol 71: 94-97
  5. Sepp N et al (1993) Specific skin manifestations in acute leukemia with monocytic differentiation. Cancer 71: 124 -132

Outgoing links (3)

Cutis; Gingival hyperplasia; Subcutis;

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Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020