Synonym(s)
Albinism; Albinism universally more complete
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Albinism is the genetic absence of pigment. Clinically, it is a group of genetically different diseases characterized by a generalized or partial hypomelanosis of the skin, hair and eyes (oculocutaneous albinism - OCA) or of the eyes only (ocular albinism). (Note: only albinimus type IA and generalized vitiligo show a complete loss of pimples). The underlying cause is a congenital, mostly autosomal recessive inherited disorder of melanin synthesis with normal intraepidermal melanocyte count.
ClassificationThis section has been translated automatically.
The following entities can be distinguished:
- Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA types 1-7)
- Ocular albinism (dermatologically not relevant): 5 forms with varying degrees of iris depigmentation. Additionally photophobia, possibly nystagmus, strabismus, hypoplasia of the fovea centralis.
- Other, rare, syndromatic forms of albinism (also "albinoidism") with generalized, pronounced hypopigmentation and additional organ manifestations that are crucial for morbidity and prognosis:
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General therapyThis section has been translated automatically.
No causal therapy possible, genetic counseling. Regular checks of the skin for carcinomas.
External therapyThis section has been translated automatically.
Consistent textile and physical light protection of skin (SPF > 30, e.g. Anthelios) and eyes. Additional cosmetic cover, e.g. Dermacolor.
Internal therapyThis section has been translated automatically.
β carotene (e.g. carotaben 25 mg/day p.o.).
Note(s)This section has been translated automatically.
Albinism must be distinguished from piebaldism (called leucism in veterinary medicine), in which melanocytes are completely absent in the depigmented areas due to a gene mutation.
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Böhm M (2015) Differential diagnosis of hypomelanosis. dermatologist 66: 945-958
Incoming links (21)
Achromia; Albinism; Albinism, oculocutaneous, brown; Albinism oculocutaneous tyrosinase-negative; Albinism oculocutaneous tyrosinase-positive; Albinism, oculocutaneous, yellow mutant; Albinism totalis; Albinism, universally complete; Albinoidism, oculocutaneous; Alphoderma; ... Show allOutgoing links (12)
Albinism oculocutaneous (overview); Beta-carotene; Camouflage; Chediak higashi syndrome; Cross syndrome; Griscelli syndrome; Hermansky-pudlak syndrome; Hypomelanosis; Light protection; Melanocyte; ... Show allDisclaimer
Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.