Food additives, preservatives (e-numbers 200 - 299)

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Definition
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Preservatives are substances that delay or completely prevent the growth of microorganisms.

As a result, food has a longer shelf life and is visually more attractive. Benzoic acid and its salts (E210 to E213) may cause allergies.

Sulphites (E220 to E228) can cause nausea, headaches and diarrhoea if they are properly dispositioned. Sulphites release SO2. They inhibit the enzymatically caused discolouration of food, such as peeled potatoes, fruit and vegetables and shrimps.

Due to their antimicrobial effectiveness, sulphites play a role in wine preservation and in the production of corn starch. In wine, microbial contamination and thus the formation of vinegar is prevented.

Classification
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  • E200 Sorbic acid
  • E201 Sodium sorbate
  • E202 Potassium sorbate
  • E203 Calcium sorbate
  • E210 Benzoic acid
  • E211 Sodium benzoate
  • E212 Potassium benzoate
  • E213 Calcium benzoate
  • E214 Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
  • E215 Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt
  • E216 propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
  • E217 Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt
  • E218 methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
  • E219 Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt
  • E220 Sulphur dioxide
  • E221 Sodium sulphite
  • E222 Sodium hydrogen sulphite
  • E223 Sodium disulfite
  • E224 Potassium disulphite
  • E226 Calcium sulphite
  • E227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite
  • E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite
  • E230 Biphenyl
  • E231 Orthophenylphenol
  • E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenolate
  • E233 Thiabendazole
  • E234 Nisin
  • E235 Natamycin
  • E236 Formic acid
  • E237 sodium formate
  • E238 Calcium formate
  • E239 Hexamethylenetetramine
  • E242 Dimethyldicarbonate
  • E249 Potassium nitrite
  • E250 Sodium nitrite, nitrite curing salt
  • E251 Sodium nitrate
  • E252 Potassium nitrate
  • E260 Acetic acid
  • E261 Potassium acetate
  • E262 Sodium acetate
  • E263 Calcium acetate
  • E270 Lactic acid
  • E280 Propionic acid
  • E281 Sodium propionate
  • E282 Calcium propionate
  • E283 Potassium propionate
  • E284 Boric acid
  • E285 Sodium tetraborate
  • E290 Carbon dioxide
  • E296 Malic acid
  • E297 Fumaric acid

Literature
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  1. Jäger et al (2001) Food additives. In L. Jäger and B.Wüthrich food allergies and intolerances. Urban&Fischer p.177-192

Outgoing links (2)

Benzoic acid; Sulphites;

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020