Menyanthidis folium

Authors: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer, Prof. Dr. med. Martina Bacharach-Buhles

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Last updated on: 12.10.2022

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Synonym(s)

Blue Clover; Dark Clover Leaves; fever clover; Marsh clover; Menyanthes trifolium

Definition
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Bitter clover leaves, also known as Menyanthidis folium, is a drug used as a herbal remedy or bittering agent and is used for internal use in loss of appetite and indigestion.

HMPC monograph: Traditional-use: Loss of appetite, mild indigestion, flatulence, flatulenceESCOP monograph
: Loss of appetite, indigestion, dyspeptic complaints, biliary complaintsCommission
E monograph: Loss of appetite, indigestion (dyspeptic complaints).

Ingredients
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Dark clover leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, dimeric glycosidic-iridoid bitter substances and essential oil. The bitter value must always be at least 3000.

Effects
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The ingredients of Menyanthidis folium promote the secretion of gastric juice and saliva.

Field of application/use
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Menyanthidis folium is used for existing dyspeptic complaints and loss of appetite. It is also used for gallbladder and bile duct complaints.

Dosage
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The usual daily dose corresponds to 1.5 to 3.0 g of the drug and is used as tea infusion (Commission E).

Undesirable effects
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may cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea at high doses

Note(s)
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Bitter clover leaves are less effective than the gentian root or an Extractum centaurii (centaury).

Literature
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  1. Junior P (1989) Further investigations regarding distribution and structure of the bitter principles from Menyanthes trifoliata. Planta Med 55:83-87.
  2. Schilcher H (2016.) Leitfaden Phytotherapie. Urban & Fischer Verlag Munich p. 80 f.
  3. https://arzneipflanzenlexikon.info/bitterklee.php.
  4. Wenigmann M. (2017) Phytotherapy medicinal drugs, phytopharmaceuticals, application. Urban & Fischer, pp. 82-83
  5. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-menyanthes-trifoliata-l-folium_en.pdf