STING1 protein

The STING1 protein (STING1 stands for Stimulator Of Interferon Response CGAMP Interactor 1) is a protein that is encoded by the gene of the same name located on chromosome 5q31.2. Alternative splicing leads to several transcript variants. Associated signaling pathways include cytosolic sensors for pathogen-associated DNA and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The STING1 protein is an important regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. STING1 (STING1 stands for Stimulator Of Interferon Response CGAMP Interactor 1) is a protein that is encoded by the gene of the same name. Alternative splicing leads to several transcript variants. Associated signaling pathways include cytosolic sensors for pathogen-associated DNA and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The encoded protein is a PPR a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes cytosolic nucleic acids and transduces signals that activate type I interferon responses. The STZING protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by binding to the major type II histocompatibility complex.

STING facilitates innate immune signaling, and acts as a sensor for cytosolic DNA of bacteria and viruses functions to stimulate type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) production (Ishikawa H et al. 2008). The innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria that enters the cytoplasm (Burdette DL et al. 2011). STING acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a second messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA viruses in the cytosol (Domizio JD et al. 2022).

GOF (gain of function) mutations in the STING gene are the cause of STING-associated vasculopathy (SAVI), which occurs in childhood.

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6. Ishikawa H et al. (2008) STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signaling. Nature 455(7213):674-678