Calcium

Calcium is a divalent alkaline earth metal. In the human body it is mostly found in the bones and is responsible for their stability.

Standard value: The standard value is between 2.2 and 2.6 mmol/l (total), 1.1 - 1.3 mmol/l (ionized) in serum; between 2.0 and 8.0 mmol/24 h (men) and 1.5 to 6.5 mmol/24 h for women.

Pathologically reduced: vitamin D deficiency, renal insufficiency, cirrhosis of the liver, malassimilation syndrome, acute pancreatitis, magnesium deficiency,

Pathologically increased: acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, Paget's disease, malignancies, granulomatoses, vitamin D and A overdoses, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, acute renal failure, primary hyperparathyroidism, prechromocytoma, lithium, thiazide diuretics, theophylline intoxication, milk-alkali syndrome