Giant cell pulis K06.8

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

epulis gigantocellularis; Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Definition
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Tumour-like, non-specific, inflammatory and irritating granulation or resorption tumour occurring during tooth replacement, which occurs solitary in the area of the gingiva or also on the alveolar mucosa.

Etiopathogenesis
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In contrast to the giant cell tumour of the bone (peak of age between 20 and 50 years), which is to be regarded as a true neoplasia [Barnes et al., 2005], the peripheral giant cell granuloma is today predominantly understood as a lesion that is not neoplastic, but rather as a traumatically irritant lesion. [Neville et al. 2002].

Manifestation
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Peripheral giant cell granulomas can occur at any age, but there is a certain accumulation around the 5th-6th decade of life.

Clinical features
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Broad-based, pea-sized to cherry-sized, bright red to blue-red, occasionally centrally eroded or ulcerated, slightly bleeding, polypose tumour with rapid growth. Spread to the periosteum and possible resorption of the alveolar bone may occur. No significant pain.

The endosseous correlate to the giant cell pulposus is called enulis.

Histology
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Mostly unspecific granulation tumor with a dense cellular stroma with characteristic multinucleated giant cells. Abundant hemosiderin deposits.

Differential diagnosis
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Benign or malignant tumours; fibroids; fistulas; pulp polyps.

Therapy
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The therapy of choice is local excision, whereby removal in edentulous jaw sections is generally completely unproblematic. In the area of the periodontium, supplementary curettage is recommended as a primary measure, whereby a recurrence rate of 10% must be expected even with careful removal.

Literature
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  1. Barnes L et al (2005) Pathology and genetics of Tumours of the Head and neck, IACR Press, Lyon.
  2. Bataineh A et al (2005) A Survey of Localized Lesions of Oral Tissues: A Clinicopathological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 3: 30-39.
  3. Neville BW et al (2002) Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

Incoming links (2)

Epulis; Epulis gigantocellularis;

Disclaimer

Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020