Enanthem K13.79

Enanthema refers to a rash of mucous membranes.

Term used in analogy to the term "exanthema" for localized or disseminated mucosal changes. Mostly occurring in connection with typical and diagnostically groundbreaking skin symptoms triggered by viruses, bacteria or medication; rarely isolated, more often combined with similar symptoms of the conjunctiva and genital mucosa. Correspondingly, macular, purple-hemorrhagic, lichenoid, aphthoid, pemphigoid or ulcerative enanthema are found.

• Drug Enanthema:
  • Macular or maculo-papular enanthema: Often overlooked because they do not cause any symptoms.
  • Lichenoid enanthemas: Appear mostly as mucosal erosions with or without mucosal pigmentation.
  • Erosive or ulcerative enanthemas: e.g. with cytostatic drugs.
  • Blisters, usually only palpable as erosions with randerythem and floating blister margins.
• Viral enanthema:
  • Herpesviruses: Varicella.
  • Herpesviruses (EBV): Mononucleosis infectiosa.
  • Coxsackieviruses: herpangina; hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
  • Myxoviruses: viral influenza.
  • Stomatitis vesicularis.
  • Paramyxoviruses: measles.
  • Rubiviruses: rubella.
  • Parvoviruses: erythema infectiosum.
  • Unresolved viral etiology: Kawasaki syndrome.
  • Lentiviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2): HIV infection.
• Bacterial enathema:
  • Streptococcus: scarlet fever.
  • Treponema pallidium: syphilis.
  • Staphylococci: staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.