Bornholm disease B34.1

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

epidemic myalgia; myalgia epidemica; Pleurodynia

History
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Pickles, 1933

Definition
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Rare complication of a Coxsackievirus infection.

Pathogen
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Often Coxsackie B viruses (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5); rarely Coxsackie A viruses or echoviruses.

Occurrence/Epidemiology
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Most frequently in infants, toddlers or children < 15 LJ. Epidemic in the summer and autumn months.

Clinical features
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  • Enanthema, often blisters on the cheek mucosa, palate, uvula and gums.
  • General symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting. Myalgia with swelling and pressure sensitivity of the affected muscle groups (especially thorax, back, epigastrium), possibly relieving posture.

Laboratory
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Virus cultivation in culture from throat swab or urine, RT-PCR, ELISA.

Diagnosis
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Lab, histology from muscle biopsy.

Complication(s)
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Pleurodynia, peracute pericarditis, possibly dry pleuritis, myocarditis, encephalitis, rarely paralysis.

Therapy
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Symptomatically with analgesics like paracetamol (e.g. Ben-u-ron Supp.). Infants/children: 2-3 times/day per 125-500 mg, children/teenagers > 14 years: 2-3 times/day per 1000 mg. In case of complications (e.g. pleurodynia) hospitalization.

Progression/forecast
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Generally good, duration of the disease 2-3 days. In severe cases with pleuritis or myocarditis in the first months of life, mortality is 5-10%.

Literature
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  1. Garrison JA et al (2003) Myalgias and arthralgias associated with paclitaxel. Oncology (Huntingt) 17: 271-277
  2. Gregory PL et al (2002) Musculoskeletal problems of the chest wall in athletes. Sports Med 32: 235-50
  3. Pichichero M et al (1998) Clinical and economic impact of enterovirus illness in private pediatric practice. Pediatrics 102: 1126-1134
  4. Pickles W (1933) Bornholm disease. BMJ 2: 1178
  5. Romero JR (1999) Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of the enteroviruses. Arch Pathol Lab Med 123: 1161-1169

Outgoing links (2)

Analgesics; Paracetamol;

Disclaimer

Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020