Tartrazine

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

acid yellow; CAS No.: 193-21-0; E102; E 102; Flavin; Hydrazine yellow; Tartrazine allergy

Definition
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Artificial yellow azo dye which is well soluble in water, poorly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in vegetable oils.

General information
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Synthetic, yellow azo dye. Euro number (E number) 102.

Occurrence
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Food additive used for colouring foodstuffs (e.g. liqueurs, spirits, wines, non-alcoholic drinks, effervescent and effervescent powders, pudding powders, desserts, etc.) and medicines (sugar-coated tablets).

Note(s)
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Due to its "pyrazolone-like" structure, it can lead to pseudoallergic reactions in people who are predisposed. However, tartrazine does not act as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In a larger study with proven food allergy sufferers (type I sensitisations), a urticarial reaction with Tatrazine could be induced in 1% (after administration of 0.1-10mg Tartrazine). Under provocation there was an increase in plasma and urinary histamine as well as increased prostaglandin excretion. Patients with atopic diathesis tolerate tartrazine comparable to non-atopic patients (Pestana S et al. 2010).

Asthmatic reactions after tartrazine have been described several times (Jäger L et al. 2001). Contact sensitisation has been demonstrated in a few individual cases.

Since July 20, 2010, foods containing tartrazine must bear the following statement on the label: "May impair activity and attention in children".

Literature
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  1. Jäger L et al (2001) Food additives. In Jäger L et al (eds.) Food allergies and intolerances. Urban&Fischer Publisher p.185-186
  2. Nettis E et al (2003) Suspected tartrazine-induced acute urticaria/angioedema is only rarely reproducible by oral rechallenge. Clin Exp Allergy 33:1725-1729.
  3. Pestana S et al (2010) Safety of ingestion of yellow tartrazine by double-blind placebo controlled challenge in 26 atopic adults. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 38:142-146.
  4. Orchard DC et al (1997) Fixed drug eruption to tartrazine. Australas J Dermatol 38:212-214.
  5. Corder EH et al (1995) Aspirin, salicylate, sulfite and tartrazine induced bronchoconstriction. Safe doses and case definition in epidemiological studies. J Clin Epidemiol 48:1269-1275.

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020