Stomatitis contact allergic

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

Allergic contact stomatitis; Contact allergic stomatitis; Contact Stomatitis

Definition
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Contact allergic late type reaction (type IV allergy) of the oral mucosa. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs much less frequently than on the skin. A possible cause is, for example, the much rarer or less intensive exposure to potential contact allergens.

Etiopathogenesis
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Common relevant contact allergens are dental restoratives, dental materials such as dental adhesive materials (e.g. acrylates, eugenol), dental metals (cobalt, copper, chromium, gold, mercury, nickel, silver), composite and porcelain. Furthermore, fragrances, Peru balsam, cinnamon, peppermint, menthol as well as the preservative dodecyl gallate may be possible allergens.

Clinical features
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Clinically, redness, swelling and occasionally blistering, erosion or ulceration occur at the contact points.

Less frequently, lichenoid contact allergic reactions (lichenoid contact stomatitis) are observed. These can occur under the clinical picture of a lichen planus mucosae with whitish netted plaques or erosive stomatitis. Here, prosthesis materials play an etiopathogenetically important role. In addition, anaesthetics, different types of medication are used. Anaesthetics, various mouth washes and inhaled budesenoside are also possible contact allergens.

Diagnosis
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After a precise anamnesis, an epicutaneous test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and to prove a relevant sensitization. An epimucosal test is not necessary because a clinically relevant contact allergy of the oral mucosa can also be detected on the skin.

Literature
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  1. Bayerl C et al (1996) Allergic contact stomatitis from aristochol, a phytotherapeutic cholagogue. Contact dermatitis 34:222-223.
  2. Di Gioacchino M et al.(1997) Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel: modification of receptor expression on peripheral lymphocytes of women after oral provocation tests (preliminary data)]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 19:56-58.
  3. Fisher AA (1954) Allergic sensitization of the skin and oral mucosa to acrylic denture materials. J Am Med Assoc 156:238-242.
  4. Incorvaia C et al (2014) Advances of knowledge on allergic inflammation and the oral mucosa. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 8:173-177.
  5. Schwarz I et al. (2016) Mucosal diseases from an allergological point of view. Dermatologist 67:780-785
  6. Shepard FE et al (1983) Allergic contact stomatitis from a gold alloy--fixed partial denture. J Am Dent Assoc 106:198-199.
  7. Wiesenfeld D et al.(1984) Allergy to dental gold. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 57:158-160.

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Disclaimer

Please ask your physician for a reliable diagnosis. This website is only meant as a reference.

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020