Heart auscultation
s. a. heartbeat
Optimal conditions are a quiet environment and a patient lying as relaxed as possible. The high frequency of heart sounds can be heard better through the membrane of the stethoscope than through the bell without membrane.
Auscultation sites:
- Aortic valve: 2nd ICR right
- Pulmonary valve: 2nd ICR left
- Tricuspid valve: 4.ICR right
- Mitral valve: 5.ICR left
- Erb point: 3.ICR left
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- 1st heart sound: Apex of the heart
- 2.heart sound: apex of the heart ( amplified in the 2nd ICR left)
- 3.heart sound: apex of the heart (reinforced in left side position)
- 4th heart sound: absolute heart attenuation
- summation gallop: absolute heart damping
- Mitral opening tone: between the apex of the heart and the sternal border (reinforced in left side position)
- tricuspid valve opening tone: absolute heart attenuation (amplified in right lateral position)
- Pulmonary dilation tone: 2nd ICR left parasternal
- Aortic dilatation tone: 2nd ICR left parasternal to the apex of the heart
- Systolic click: Tip of the heart