Autoantibodies

Author:Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.

Antibodies which the immune system forms on individual cells or tissues due to disturbed function against the body's own structures (e.g. proteins, phospholipids), i.e. the physiological immunological tolerance to the "self" is disturbed or cancelled. Autoantibodies can opsonise autoantigens and induce phagocytosis by macrophages, activate complement or induce lysis of affected cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes or NK cells. Depending on the extent of the autoimmune reaction, immune complexes can develop, which are deposited in the tissue and can lead to local inflammation. Autoantibodies against specific cell membrane receptors can block or mimic the action of hormones. The formation of autoantibodies is often associated with skin diseases or rheumatic diseases, among others. S.a.u. autoimmune diseases.

OccurrenceThis section has been translated automatically.

Disease patterns and frequent targets of autoantibodies (antigens)
Clinical picture Autoantibodies or antigens
Anti-Phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) Lupus anticoagulant, cardiolipin, ß2-glycoprotein
Graves' disease TSH receptor
Chronic polyarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) rheumatoid factor, ANA, histones, ssDNA, fillaggrin
CREST syndrome centromere (ACA)
Enteritis regionalis (M. Crohn) ASC
Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring Endomysium, gliadin, epidermal tissue transglutaminase
dermatomyositis/polymyositis PM-Scl, Jo-1, MI2, ssDNS, Ku
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease n-RNP, ss-DNA
Pemphigoid BPAG 1 (BP 230), BPAG 2 (BP 180), Epiligrin
Pemphigus Desmoglein 1, desmoglein 3, plakoglobin, STAG
periarteritis nodosa p-ANCA, MPO
Systemic scleroderma or circumscribed scleroderma SCL-70, ACA
Sjögren's Syndrome SS-A, SS-B, rheumatoid factor, salivary gland ducts
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ds-DNA, ssDNA, Sm antigen, SS-A, SS-B
Drug-induced SLE ss-DNA, histones
Wegener's granulomatosis c-ANCA, PR3
Coeliac condition Endomysium, gliadin, tissue transglutaminase

LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.

  1. Langford CA (2003) Vasculitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111: S602-12
  2. Kavanaugh AF, Solomon DH (2002) Guidelines for immunologic laboratory testing in the rheumatic diseases: anti-DNA antibody tests. Arthritis Rheum 47: 546-555
  3. Levine JS et al (2002) The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 346: 752-763
  4. Nousari HC, Anhalt GJ (1999) Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Lancet 354: 667-672
  5. Rekvig OP, Nossent JC (2003) Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, nucleosomes, and systemic lupus erythematosus: a time for new paradigms? Arthritis Rheum 48: 300-312
  6. Wiik A (2002) Rational use of ANCA in the diagnosis of vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 41: 481-483

TablesThis section has been translated automatically.

Antigen specificities of autoantibodies in rheumatic diseases and liver diseases

Antigen

SLE

MLE

MCTD

SS

DP

MY

PSS

CR

RA

JRA

PBC

CAH

ds-DNA

60

(+)

(+)

ss-DNA

70

80

+

+

+

Histones

70

90

(+)

(+)

+

+

HMG1/2

+

Ul-n-RNP (U1-70K)

11

100

(+)

+

(+)

(+)

Sm

30

35

SS-A

16

20

75

30

+

(+)

SS-B

24

40

Centromeres

(+)

+

80

+

50 kDa Nucl. prot.

10

80

PM-Scl

(+)

8

80

3

Scl-70

10

70

+

(+)

Ku

10

(+)

50

50

Yo-l

40

Mi-2

20

RNA polymerase I

4

Fibrillarin

8

PCNA

3

Lamin

(+)

+

+

+

RANA

60

* Frequencies in percent [%]; + sporadic occurrence; (+) very rare occurrence

SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; MLE = drug-induced lupus erythematosus; MCTD = mixed collagenosis; SS = Sjögren's syndrome; DP = dermatomyositis/polymyositis; MY = myositis, PSS = progressive scleroderma; CR = CREST syndrome; RA = chronic polyarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis); JRA = juvenile chronic polyarthritis; PBC = primary biliary cirrhosis; CAH = chronic active (autoimmune) hepatitis

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020