T-cell regulatory
Synonym(s)
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress activation of the immune system and thus control the tolerance of the immune system. Thus Tregs play an important role in a healthy organism in the prevention of autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus), allergies (see below allergy), asthma and transplant rejection. The role of regulatory B cells (Breg) is also important for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
ClassificationThis section has been translated automatically.
Today, 2 main groups of CD4+Tregs are distinguished:
- naturally occurring Tregs arising in the thymus: CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+/n-Tregs
- induced Tregs: Tr1 cells (produce mainly IL-10), TH3 cells (produce mainly TGF-beta).
Today, 2 main groups of CD8+Tregs are distinguished:
- TC1 cells (produce interferon-gamma)
- TC2 cells (produce IL-4).
General informationThis section has been translated automatically.
CD4+/CD+25/FOXp3+ natural regulatory T cells are defined as a subgroup of regulatory T cells (Treg).
Treg-initiated suppression is predominantly achieved via cell-cell contacts (CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+/nTreg).
Characteristic for CD4+/CD25+/nTregs is the expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 (see below forkhead box protein 3) within the cell (intracellular).
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Abramson J et al (2016) Autoimmune regulator and self-tolerance - molecular and clinical aspects. Immunol Rev 271:127-140.
- Belinghausen I et al (2008) Control of allergic immune response of the intermediate-type by regulatory T cells. Allergology 31: 208-212
- Deng Y et al (2016) The Inflammatory Response in Psoriasis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 50:377-389.
- Panduro M et al (2016) Tissue Tregs. Annu Rev Immunol 34:609-633.
- Peine M et al (2016) IL-33 in T Cell Differentiation, Function, and Immune Homeostasis. Trends Immunol 37:321-333.