There are different frankincense trees (Boswellia) in the dry regions of Africa and India (e.g. in Somalia, Ethiopia and Arabia). Depending on their origin, a distinction is made between the Somali frankincense tree (Boswellia frereana), the East African frankincense tree (Boswellia carteri) and the Indian frankincense tree (Boswellia serrata). Frankincense trees belong to the balsam family.
The species Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carteri, often grouped together under the name 'Arabian frankincense tree', are small, strongly branched trees with thick branches, papery bark and a maximum height of 5 m; their flowering period extends over April.
Boswellia serrata, the Indian frankincense tree, also known as the Salaibaum or Salphalbaum, is a medium-sized tree with a flat crown and approx. 1 cm thick, green bark that peels off in paper-thin strips.
Frankincense trees start to produce resin at the age of 8-10 years. They are tapped 2 to 3 times a year. During this frankincense harvest, the trunk and branches of the trees are incised. The tree secretes the frankincense resin from the injuries. Harvesting can only take place until the leaves emerge and flower, after which the trees must be protected. Indian frankincense is collected twice a year, in March and June. The wounds are placed in the tree months beforehand.
Indian frankincense is mainly used phytotherapeutically. The resin of this frankincense solidifies into yellowish to brownish lumps, Boswellia serrata Roxb (Olibanum indicum).