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Lipoprotein(a)

Last updated on: 07.11.2026

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Literature This section has been translated automatically.

  1. Burgess S, et al.; European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition–Cardiovascular Disease (EPIC-CVD) Consortium. (2018). Association of LPA variants with the risk of coronary disease and the implications for lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a Mendelian randomization analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2018;3:619–627.doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.1470.
  2. Clarke R et al.; PROCARDIS Consortium. Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein levels and coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2518–2528.doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0902604
  3. Cho I et al. (2018). Prognostic value of coronary computed tomographic angiography findings in asymptomatic individuals: a 6-year follow-up from the prospective multicenter international CONFIRM study. Eur Heart J 2018;39:934–941. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx774
  4. Feingold KR. Introduction to Lipids and Lipoproteins. Jan. 14, 2024. In: Feingold KR, et al., eds. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000–. PMID: 26247089.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305896/
  5. Kronenberg F, et al. (1999). Role of lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype in atherogenesis: prospective results from the Bruneck study. Circulation. September 14, 1999;100(11):1154–60. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.100.11.1154
  6. Kronenberg F, et al. (2022). Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Statement. Eur Heart J 2022;43:3925–46. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361
  7. Kronenberg F, et al. (2023). Frequently asked questions and answers regarding the 2022 lipoprotein (a) consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Atherosclerosis. 2023;374:107–120.doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.012
  8. Mach F, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. (2020). 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemias: Lipid Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Eur Heart J. Jan. 1, 2020;41(1):111–188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2020 Nov 21;41(44):4255.DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
  9. Mach F, et al. ESC/EAS Scientific Document Group. (2025). 2025 Focused Update of the 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemias: Developed by the Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS), European Heart Journal, 46, 42: 4359–4378, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf190 ESC Additional Resources on This Topic 
  10. Nordestgaard BG, et al. (2024). Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease. Lancet 2024;404:1255–64.     DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01308-4
  11. Simony SB, (2022). Sex differences in lipoprotein(a) levels and associated risk of morbidity and mortality by age: the Copenhagen General Population Study. Atherosclerosis 2022;355:76–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1023
  12. Vrints C et al. (2024). 2024 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Developed by the Task Force for the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); Endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). *European Heart Journal*, Volume 45, Issue 36, September 21, 2024, Pages 3415–3537doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177

 

European Atherosclerotic Society (EAS) information page on Lp(a):https://eas-society.org/outreach/lpa-awareness-day-2026/

Last updated on: 07.11.2026