The IL1A gene (interleukin-1 alpha) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2q14.1. The protein encoded by the IL1A gene is a member of the interleukin-1 cytokine family (see also IL1B gene). The IL1A gene and eight other genes of the interleukin-1 family form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.
IL1A Gene
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The encoded cytokine IL1alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes and hematopoiesis. It is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein that is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury.
IL-1 produced by activated macrophages stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing the release of IL2, maturation and proliferation of B cells, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL1 proteins are involved in inflammatory responses, are identified as endogenous pyrogens. They stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.
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- Kim JS et al (2021) Immunopathogenesis and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Theranostics 11:316-329.
- Van Damme J et al (1985) Homogeneous interferon-inducing 22K factor is related to endogenous pyrogen and interleukin-1. Nature 314:266-268.