FPR2 gene

The FPR2 gene (FPR2 stands for: formyl peptide receptor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.41. The encoded protein of formyl peptide receptor 2 enables the binding of amyloid-beta, the binding to scavenger receptors and the activity of signaling receptors. Involved in several processes, including the cellular response to amyloid beta, the positive regulation of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade and the regulation of the defense response. Located in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane.

Pathways associated with the FPR2 gene include class A/1 (rhodopsin-like receptors) and GPCR downstream signaling pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations associated with this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and N-formyl peptide receptor activity. Important paralogs of this gene are the genes FPR1/FPR3.

The encoded receptor protein has a low affinity for N-formyl-methionyl peptides (FMLP), which are strong chemotactic factors for neutrophils (Ye RD et al. 1992). Binding of FMLP to the receptor leads to neutrophil activation (Ye RD et al. 1992). This response is mediated by a G protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of LXA4R may lead to an anti-inflammatory effect that counteracts the effects of proinflammatory signals such as LTB4 (leukotriene B4) (Ye RD et al. 1992) The encoded receptor protein binds for the chemokine-like protein FAM19A5, which mediates FAM19A5-stimulated macrophage chemotaxis and the inhibitory effect on TNFSF11/RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. It acts as a receptor for humanin (Harada M et al. 2004).

Diseases associated with FPR2 include prion disease and Diamond-Blackfan anemia 2.

1. Harada M et al. (2004) N-Formylated humanin activates both formyl peptide receptor-like 1 and 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 324:255-261
2. Ye RD et al. (1992) Isolation of a cDNA that encodes a novel granulocyte N-formyl peptide receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun184:582-589