Armand Trousseau (born 1801 died 1867) one of the most important doctors of his time. Trousseau left behind a great scientific work. He is considered the inventor of tracheotomy and pleural puncture. His publications deal with infectious diseases, especially diphtheria, and the Trousseau's sign, which he described in 1858, is still part of the neurological examination today. In his three-volume work entitled "Clinique Médial de l'Hotel-Dieu de Paris", which appeared in 1861 and was translated into German in 1866, he described a common association of thrombotic diseases and tumor diseases. Trousseau himself suffered a thrombosis of the left leg. He called this thrombosis"Phlegmasia alba dolens" and subsequently diagnosed himself with a stomach carcinoma, from which he died six months after his diagnosis.