TetanusA35.x
Synonym(s)
Tetanus
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Crampy muscle rigidity caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani.
Occurrence/EpidemiologyThis section has been translated automatically.
Worldwide distribution; 300,000-500,000 diseases/year.
EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.
Inoculation of the spores through an open wound. Transformation into the vegetative pathogen form under anaerobic conditions with toxin formation. Spread of the toxin centripedally along the nerves.
Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.
Incubation period usually 2 to 15 days. Uncharacteristic prodromal stage. Hard tension of the masseter muscles (trismus), laterally distorted corners of the mouth (risus sardonicus), stiff neck, opisthotonus, abdominal wall tension.
TherapyThis section has been translated automatically.
Wound excision. Hyperimmune globulin (Tetagam®) initially 10,000 IU i.m., then 3,000-6,000 IU/day. Seizure prophylaxis and docking, intensive medical care.
Progression/forecastThis section has been translated automatically.
50% lethality.
ProphylaxisThis section has been translated automatically.
Lay artis performed wound care. Active and passive tetanus vaccination: tetagam 250 IU i.m. and tetanol 0.5 ml i.m. simultaneously on contralateral parts of the body.
Remember!
Maintain vaccination protection for life.LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Babu TA et al (2015) Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome following immunization in an 18 months old child. Indian Dermatol Online J 6:413-415
- Thwaites CL et al (2015) Eradication of tetanus. Br Med Bull 116:69-77