Laboratory values

Table with biological parameters and reference ranges (S=serum / B=blood / P=plasma)

Hematological parameters

• B-hemoglobin 1 3-17g/dl (m) / 12-16g/dl (w)
• B-hematocrit 42-50% (m) 38-33% (w)
• B-erythrocytes 4.3-5.6 mill/ml (m) 4.0-5.4 mill/ml (w)
• B-erythrocyte diameter 6.8-7.3ul

Erythrocyte indices

• B-E.-MCV (=mean corpuscular volume) 85-98fl
• B-E.-MCH (=mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) 28-34 pg
• B-E.-MCH (=mean corpuscular hemoglobin) 28-34 pg
• B-E.-MCHC (=mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) 31-37g/dl
• B reticulocytes 50.000-100.000/ul
• B platelets 140,000/ul - 345,000/ul
• B-leukocytes 3,800-10,500/ul

Blood smear differentiation (percentage)

• Neutrophil granulocytes (rod-nucleated) 0-5%
• Neutrophil granulocytes (segment nucleated) 30-80%
• Eosinophil granulocytes 0-6%
• Basophilic leukocytes 0-2%
• Lymphocytes 15-50%
• Monocytes 1-12%

Leukocyte parameters (absolute)

• B-neutrophilgranulocytes 1,830-7,250/ul
• B-lymphocytes (total) 1,500-4,000/ul
• B-eosinophilgranulocytes 80-360/ul
• B. basophilicleukocytes 20-80/ul
• B. monocytes 90-600/ul

Lymphocyte status

• T cells(CD3) 900-2300/ul
• B cells(CD19) 105-230/ul
• T4 cells(CD4) 435-1,600/ul
• T8/suppressor cells (CD8) 285-1,300/ul
• NK cells(CD16/56+) 200-400/ul

Anemia diagnostics (iron metabolism)

• S-iron 50-160ug/dl (m) 50-150ug/dl (w)
• S-ferritin 10-220ug/l (m:18-45J) 6-70ug/l (w:18-45J)
• S-ferritin 15-400ug/l (m:=/>46J) 18-120ug/l (w:=/>46J)
• S-transferrin 2,0-3,6g/l
• Transferrin saturation 16-45%
• S-soluble transferrin receptor 0.83-1.76mg/l

Coagulation parameters

• P-aPTT 20-35sec.
• P-TPZ (Quick) =/>70%
• P-INR (International Normalized Ratio) 1.0 (normal/under-therapy)
• P-INR (range for normal risk) 2.0-3.0
• P-INR (range for higher risk) up to 4.0
• P-thrombin time 14-20 sec
• P-fibrinogen 160-400mg/dl
• P-antithrombin 70-120%.
• P-D dimer <0.5ug/ml
• P-proteinC 70-140

Inflammatory parameters

• ZB-ESR (ESR) 1st hour 15mm
• S-C-reactiveprotein (CRP) <5mg/l
• S-interleukin 6 =/>10pg/ml
• S-procalcitonin =/>0.5ug/l

Renal function tests (S=serum)

• S-urea 12-50mg/dl
• S-urea 2,0-8,3nmol/l - influence:thirsting
• S-creatinine =/>1,1- 0,9mg/dl
• S-creatinine =/>1,1- 0,9umol/l
• Creatiniclearance 24 =/>110 - 95ml/min - values up to 30Y; thereafter -10ml/min/10 years
• S-Cystatin C 0.50-0.96mg/l Indic. f. glom. filtration -

Liver metabolism

• S-copper 79-131 ug/dl (m) 74-122 ug/dl (w)
• S- Copper 12.4-20.6 umol/l (m) 11.6-19.2 umol/l(w)
• S- coeruloplasmin 0.2-0.6 g/l > with oral contraceptives
• S- coeruloplasmin 0.94-3.75 umol/l
• P- ammonia < 94ug/dl (m) < 82 ug/dl (w)
• P- ammonia < 55.3 umol/l (m) < 48.2 2 umol/l (w)

Enzymes

• S-GOT < 38 U/l (m) < 32 U/l (w)
• S-GPT < 43 U/l (m) < 31 U/l (w)
• S- yGT < 60 U/l (m) < 40 U/l (w)
• S-AP 1-12 years up to 300 U/l
• S-AP 13-17 years < 390 U/l (m) < 190 U/l (w)
• S-AP adults < 40-130 U/l (m) < 35-105 U/l (w)
• S-GLDH <7 U/l (m) < 5 U/l(w)
• S-CHE 5.3-12.9 kU/l (m+w) children + adul.
• S-LDH < 250 U/l (m+w) Children: up to 300U/l
• S-HBDH 72-182 U/l (m+w)
• S- pancreatic amylase 28-100 U/l (m+w)
• S-alpha-amylase < 110 U/l (m+w)
• S-lipase 13-60 U/l (m+w)
• S-elastase 1< 2 ng/ml (m+w)
• S-CK < 190 U/l (m) < 170 U/l (w)
• S-CK-MB < 25 U/l (m+w)

Serum proteins

• S-proteins total 66-83 g/l (m+w)
• S-albumin 35-52 g/l .
• S-albumin 54-65 % .
• S-alpha1-globulin 2-5% .
• s-alpha 2-globulin 7-13% .
• S-beta-globulin 8-15%
• S-y-globulin 11-22%
• S-coeruloplasmin 0.2-0.6 g/l
• S-transferrin 2.0-3.6 g/l
• S-haptoglobin 0.3-2.0 g/l
• S-IgA 0.7-4.0 g/l
• S-IgE 12-240 ug/l
• S-IgE 5-100 kU/l
• S-IgG 7-16 g/l| children
• S- IgM 0.4-2.3 g/l| children
• S-alpha1-antitrypsin 0.9-2.0 >for contraceptives/ pregnancy
• S- C3 complement 0.9-1.8 g/l
• S- C4 complement 0.1-0.4 g/l
• S-alpha2-macroglobulin 1.3-3.0 g/l >pregnancy
• S-beta2-macroglobulin < 2.4mg/l > 60 yrs to 3.0 mg/l

Lipid metabolism/uric acid

• S- uric acid < 7.0 mg/dl (male) < 6.0 mg/dl (wl)
• S- uric acid < 416 umol/l (m) < 357 umol/l (w)
• S-triglycerides < 150 mg/dl / < 1.7mmol/lS-
• S-cholesterol < 200 mg/dl/<5.2 mmol
• S- LDL cholesterol target values depending on cardiovascular. Risk.
• S-HDL cholesterol > 35 mg/dl (m) > 45mg/dl (w).
• S-HDL cholesterol > 0.91 mmol/l (m) > 1.17mmol/l (w)

Glucose metabolism

• P-glucose fasting < 100 mg/dl < 5.6 mmol/l
• HBA1c < 6.1% (elevated in diabetics)

Urinalysis

• Specific gravity (urine) 1.001-1.035 g/l
• pH (urine) 4.8-7.6 pH | vegetarian diet

Quantitative urine tests (electrolytes, uric acid and urea are strongly dependent on the diet)

• Sodium (urine) 90-300 mmol/24h
• Potassium (urine) 25-105nmol/24h
• Calcium (urine) 2.0-8.0 mmol/24h (m) 1.5-6.5 mmol/24h (w)
• Magnesium (urine) 2.0-8.0 mmol/24h (m) 1.5-7.0 mmol/24h (w)
• Chloride (urine) 80-270 mmol/24h
• Phosphate (urine) 4-36 mmol/24h / 30.97=mg/24h
• Uric acid (urine) 0.3-0.8 g/24h (m), 0.3-0.7 g/24h (w)
• Urea (urine) 13-33 g/24h
• Protein (urine) < 150 mg/24h
• Albumin (urine) < 30 mg/24h
• Glucose (24h) (urine) < 20 mg/dl
• IgG (urine) < 15 mg/24h
• Transferrin (urine) < 3.0 mg/24h
• Alpha1- macroglobulin (urine) < 15 mg/24h
• Beta2- macroglobulin (urine) < 0.3 mg/l

Urine chamber count

• Erythrocytes (urine) < 5 /ul
• Leukocytes (urine) < 10 /ul

Porphyrins

• Delta -aminolevulinic acid (urine) < 6,400 ug/24h
• Porphobilogen (urine) < 1,700 ug/24h
• Totalporphyrins (urine) < 100 ug/24h

Digestion and absorption tests

• Fatty acids/24h (stool) 7g
• Elastase (stool) >200ug/g
• Xylose excretion (urine) >4 g/5h

Thyroid diagnostics

• S-thyrotropin (TSH) 0.4-2.5mU/l
• S-free triiodothyronine (FT3) 2.2-5.5pg/ml
• S-free thyroxine (FT4) 0.6-1.8ng/dl
• Thyroid autoantibodies
• S-Threoglobin-Ak (TgAK) elevation in 70% of cases in autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's).
• S-anti-TPO-AK (thyroid peroxidase) elevation in 90% of cases in autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
• S-TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAK) elevation in 80% of cases in immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)
• Thyroid tumor marker
• S- serum thyroglobin (Tg) <50ng/ml
• S- serum calcitonin <10pg/ml (m) <5pg/ml (w)

Tumor markers

• Alpha-1-fetoprotein ( liver, testis, ovary, GI system) <3ng/ml
• CA 12-15 (CA125) (ovary, pancreas, liver) <35 U/ml
• CA 15.3 i.s. (gynecologic tumor marker; mammary, ovary) <20 U/ml
• CA 19-9 i.S. (gyn. +GI tumor marker; pancreas,stomach, colon) <37 U/ml
• CEA (pancreas, stomach, colon, lung, mamma, ovary, cervix) <5 ng/ml
• Cyfra 21-1 i.s. (non-small cell carcinoma of the lung) <7 U/ml
• HCG i.s. (chorionic carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, embryon. carcinoma) <10mU/ml
• NSE i.s. (small cell bronchial carcinoma, carcinoid, islet cell ca.) <12g/l
• S100 i.S. (metastatic malignant melanoma) <0.15 ug/l
• PSA i.S. (prostate carcinoma, adenoma) <4ng/ml
• ACC i.S. (squamous cell carcinoma - cervix, lung, ENT, analca.) <2 ng/ml
• Thyroglobulin i.S. (follicular or papillary thyroidca) <35mg/l

Autoantibodies (collagenoses)