(¤ 1878, † 1971) Born in Florence, he studied medicine at the age of 15. 1899 first studies in bacteriology, first in Bonn and then in London. 1902 first description of the causative agent of sleeping sickness. 1905 discovery of the causative agent of Fram's disease. 1909 he isolated Trichophyton rubrum. 1910 First clinical description of keratoma sulcatum, known in Anglo-American parlance as "pitted keratolysis." 1915 Appointed professor of tropical medicine at the University of Naples. 1925-1930 Professorship of tropical medicine in New Orleans.
1925 First description of the so-called dermatosis papulosa nigra, a clinical picture whose entity is doubted today.
1936, in the Abyssinia campaign, as Surgeon General of the Navy, hygienic management of the campaign.
In 1946, as personal physician of the Italian royal family, he accompanied them into Portuguese exile in Cascais (Pofrtugal).
1947 Professorship of Tropical Medicine at the Lisbon Institute. To this day, the resorcinol and fuchsin-containing Solutio Castellani are known.