Antigens(allergens) derived from bacteria and fungi (tetanus, diphtheria, streptococci, tuberculin, candida, proteus) that cause an immune response in a large proportion of healthy subjects. They are used to test the cell-mediated immunity (delayed type reaction; type IV reaction) in an intradermal test. Significantly weakened or absent are immunological reactions to recall antigens in sarcoidosis; they can also be significantly reduced in chronic HIV infection (Nicholas KJ et al.2017).
Recall antigens
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Upon exposure to an antigen to which the individual has previously been exposed, memory B and T lymphocytes proliferate very rapidly and differentiate into effector cells. This rapid recall response is crucial to control the extent of infection or prevent it.
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- Akbar AN et al (2013) Investigation of the cutaneous response to recall antigen in humans in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 173:163-172.
- Nicholas KJ et al (2017) Chronic HIV-1 Infection Impairs Superantigen-Induced Activation of Peripheral CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ Cells, With Relative Preservation of Recall Antigen-Specific Responses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 74:72-80.
- Peschl P et al (2015) Antibody responses following induction of antigen-specific tolerance with antigen-coupled cells. Mult Scler 21:651-655.
- Schweighoffer T (1996) Tumor cells expressing a recall antigen are powerful cancer vaccines. Eur J Immunol 26:2559-1564.