P-phenylenediamine
Synonym(s)
para-Phenylenediamine; Paraphenylenediamine; PPD
General informationThis section has been translated automatically.
Evaluation of p-phenylenediamine with regard to the effect of allergy on the reduction of earning capacity:
- Para-phenylenediamine belongs to the para-substituted amino compounds. It is of occupational dermatological importance that various cross-reactions to compounds with similar structures are possible.
- Relevant occupational exposures: In the occupational world, the allergen is mainly found in oxidative hair dyes (also in henna products) and is therefore a frequent trigger of allergic contact eczema in the hairdressing trade. In addition to isolated sensitizations against p-phenylenediamine, cross-reactions to p-toluenediamine, another frequent oxidation dye, are typically found.
- Further applications are dye preparations for fur and leather dyeing, special photocopying systems as well as stamping and printing inks.
- Another frequently cross-reacting substance is p-aminoazobenzene, which is suspected of being used in textile dyeing and in technical lubricating greases. With a very pronounced degree of sensitization with most diverse cross-reactions, occasionally also reactions against benzocaine are found which can thus cause problems when using topical local anaesthetics.
OccurrenceThis section has been translated automatically.
Members of certain. Occupational groups are at increased risk of skin sensitization to PPD. The highest prevalence is found in the hairdressing and cosmetic professions. Here are according to versch. Here, according to various study results, 15.4% of men and 14.7% of women are affected.
PPD has also been used in tattoo inks (see below,tattoos, side effects).
PrognoseThis section has been translated automatically.
Effect of an allergy: "Low" in case of isolated sensitization to p-phenylenediamine, since the hazards are limited to the above-mentioned occupational fields. "Moderate" if typical cross-reactions against the above-mentioned oxidation hair dyes are detected and/or reactions against azo or aniline dyes are detectable but not clinically relevant. This is due to the higher degree of sensitisation and the increasing risk of clinically relevant cross-reactions, especially to textile dyes. "Serious" in the justified individual cases, if patients show a large number of cross-reactions and have already developed or are likely to develop recurrences of an allergic contact eczema outside of the abandoned profession through contact with small amounts of p-amino compounds, e.g. in leather, black rubber or residues of azo/aniline dyes in textiles.
Note(s)This section has been translated automatically.
Paraphenyl diamine is often mixed with the henna dye Lawson.
LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.
- Diepgen TL et al. (2005) Evidence-based assessment of the effect of type IV allergies in the reduction of earning capacity - assessment of occupational skin diseases. Dermatologist 56: 207-223
- Diepgen TL et al (2002) Assessment of the effect of allergies in the reduction of earning capacity in the context of BK 5101 Part I: Acrylates/methacrylates, epoxy resin systems, formaldehyde, dichromate, rosin, latex, nickel, p-phenylenediamine. Dermatol Occupation Environment 50: 139-154
- Diepgen TL et al (2016) Prevalence of Contact Allergy to p-Phenylenediamine in the European General Population. J Invest Dermatol 136:409-415.
Hillen U et al. (2007) Patch test results in patients with scalp dermatitis: analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology. Contact Dermatitis 56: 87-93 - Malvestio A et al (2011) p-Phenylenediamine sensitization and occupation. Contact dermatitis 64:37-42