Latex hypersensitivityT78.4

Author:Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.

Allergy or intolerance reaction to latex or additives (vulcanizers, accelerators, antioxidants) of the processing method In case of allergy mostly IgE-mediated immediate reaction, rarely type IV reactions.

Occurrence/EpidemiologyThis section has been translated automatically.

After contact with surgical, examination, household gloves, plasters, respiratory masks, urine bags, intestinal tubes, etc. Overall increasing incidence. Risk group: Medical staff, atopic persons, children with spina bifida or urinary tract malformations.

EtiopathogenesisThis section has been translated automatically.

The triggering of type I, type IV, pseudoallergic and irritant eczematous reactions by handling the ingredients contained in the respective product is described:
  • Type IV allergies (allergic contact eczema): accelerators (thiurams, thiocarbamates, benzothiazoles, thioureas), antioxidants, vulcanizers, dye additives, latex, epichlorohydrin (?).
  • Type I allergies (immunological contact urticaria): latex, corn starch powder (?).
  • Pseudoallergic reactions (non-immunological contact urticaria): corn starch powder (sorbic acid?).
  • Irritative eczematous skin reactions: occlusion effects (maceration), glove powder, disinfectant.

Clinical featuresThis section has been translated automatically.

S.u. eczema, contact eczema; contact urticaria; rhinitis allergica; neoprene allergy; anaphylaxis (allergy, type I reaction).

DiagnosisThis section has been translated automatically.

Prick test, intradermal test, scratch test, epicutaneous test, friction test, provocation test, RAST.

TherapyThis section has been translated automatically.

Avoid the allergen by wearing synthetic rubber gloves, e.g. made of PVC, polyethylene, nitrile rubber, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene or styrene-butadiene and if possible accelerator-free, non-powdered gloves .

TablesThis section has been translated automatically.

Reactions to latex gloves

Diseases

Trigger

Allergic reactions

Type IV allergies (allergic contact eczema)

Accelerators (thiurams, thiocarbamates, benzothiazoles, thioureas), antioxidants, vulcanizers, dye additives, latex, epichlorohydrin (?)

Type I allergies (immunological contact urticaria)

Latex, corn starch powder (?)

Pseudoallergic reactions

non-immunological contact urticaria

Corn starch powder (sorbic acid?), pressure and sweating urticaria

irritant eczematous skin reactions

occlusion effects (maceration), glove powder, disinfectant


Examination gloves

Manufacturer/distribution

Glove

Material

Accelerators according to manufacturer specifications

Powder

Thiurame

Dithiocarbamates

Benzothiazoles

Thioureas

Ansell Medical

Examtex Vinyl

PVC

-

-

-

-

+

Syndication

PVC

-

-

-

-

-

Nitratouch

NK

-

+

+

-

-

Ansell Edmont

Touch N Tuff

NK

-

+

+

-

-

Beiersdorf

Glovex vinyl

PVC

-

-

-

-

+

Glovex neoderm

SEBS

-

-

-

-

+

Dispex (sterile)

PET

-

-

-

-

+

Dispex (unsterile)

PET

-

-

-

-

+

Hartmann

Peha-soft-vinyl

PVC

-

-

-

-

-

Peha-fol

PET

-

-

-

-

-

Johnson & Johnson

Ethiparat (sterile)

PETMA

-

-

-

-

+

Ethiparat (non-sterile)

PETMA

-

-

-

-

+

OP gloves

Allegiance

Duraprene

NEOP

-

+

-

-

+

Duraprene Powderfree

NEOP

-

+

-

-

Johnson & Johnson

Allergard

SEBS

-

-

-

-

+

Hartmann

Peha-taft-syntex

SBSI

-

-

-

-

+

LiteratureThis section has been translated automatically.

  1. Ahmed DD et al (2003) Occupational allergies caused by latex. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 23: 205-219
  2. Bonnekoh B, Merk HF (1992) Occupational dermatological relevance of a generalized latex anaphylaxis induced by inhalation in the medical field of activity. Z Hautkr 67: 532-534
  3. Chowdhury MM et al (2003) Natural rubber latex allergy in a health-care population in Wales. Br J Dermatol 148: 737-740
  4. Ebo DG et al (2004) Sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants and the ubiquitous protein profilin: mimickers of allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 34: 137-144
  5. Ehl W et al (1988) Latex allergies as IgE-mediated immediate reactions. Allergology 5:182-187
  6. Fabro L et al (1989) Anaphylactic reaction to latex, an instant type allergen of increasing importance. dermatologist 40: 208-211
  7. Heese A et al (1989) Allergies and intolerance reactions to latex gloves in the medical field. Dt Ärztebl 46: 41-46
  8. Roest MA et al (2003) Insulin injection site reactions associated with type I latex allergy. N Engl J Med 348: 265-266
  9. Zeiss CR et al (2003) Latex hypersensitivity in Department of Veterans Affairs health care workers: glove use, symptoms, and sensitization. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91: 539-545

Authors

Last updated on: 29.10.2020

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer