Pyrethrins

Authors: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer, Prof. Dr. med. Martina Bacharach-Buhles

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

Pyrethrum extract

Definition
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Insecticides derived from Chrysanthemum flowers (e.g. Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium). S.u. Antiparasitosa. Chemically these are optically active esters of chrysanthemum acid or pyrethric acid and the hydroxyketones pyrethronolone, cinerolone and jasmolone.

Use in human medicine against head lice, felt lice, clothes lice and itch mites. Pyrethrum extracts were formerly used for insect extermination. S.u. Pyrethrum.

Pharmacodynamics (Effect)
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As contact insecticides, they are highly toxic to cold-blooded and warm animals such as insects, mites or worms. Pyrethrins act as a nerve and muscle poison. They are not toxic to humans because they are not absorbed.

Indication
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Head lice, crabs and clothing lice and their nits.

Limited indication
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Bronchial asthma, infants (use no more than 1/3 of the contents of the bottle).

Dosage and method of use
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Soak the hairs of the affected body parts and leave to soak for 30-45 minutes. Then rinse with water like a shampoo. For infants, use a maximum of 25 ml; repeat after 8-10 days if necessary.

Standard concentration
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solution (0.3% pyrethrum extract, 0.7% piperonyl butoxide, 0.9% chlorocresol).

Undesirable effects
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Eye irritation, skin irritation, allergic reactions. Neurotoxic effects are possible with long-term use.

Interactions
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In combination with malathion mutual reduction of effectiveness.

Preparations
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Golden Ghost forte

Note(s)
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Due to high production costs, pyrethrins are usually replaced by their synthetic analogues, the pyrethroids.