Lidocaine

Author: Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020

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Synonym(s)

Lidocaine hydrochloride

Definition
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Amide-type local anesthetic.

Half-life
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1,8-3,5 h (metabolites).

Indication
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Topical: Infiltration, surface and conduction anaesthesia and pruritus.

Systemic: antiarrhythmic agent for ventricular arrhythmias.

Standard concentration
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  • 0,5-2 % for infiltration and block anaesthesia (max. 4 mg/kg bw),
  • 2-5% as ointment, solution or gel for surface anaesthesia.

Remember! Topical application is considered controversial because of the danger of developing contact allergies!

Undesirable effects
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In case of (accidental) i.v. injection: euphoria, drowsiness, muscle twitches; in high doses: cramps, dyspnoea, respiratory paralysis.

In case of topical application: late type allergy, otherwise intolerance phenomena.

Interactions
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Synergism with other local anesthetics, increase in neuromuscular block of muscle relaxants, with simultaneous use of Cotrimoxazole: methemoglobinemia.

Contraindication
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Thigh or AV block, liver damage.

Preparations
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Lidocaine, LidoPosterols, Xylocaine; periodontal mouth ointment (combination of lidocaine, chamomile flowers and sage fluid extracts)

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Last updated on: 29.10.2020