Synonym(s)
FACS; Flow cytometry; Fluorescence activated cell sorting
DefinitionThis section has been translated automatically.
Detection method that allows simultaneous measurement of physical and molecular parameters at the single cell level. In clinical diagnostics, it is possible to determine the immune system's defence functions (see, for example, the basophil activation test).
General informationThis section has been translated automatically.
- In flow cytometry, cells marked with fluorescent antibodies flow one after another in a thin capillary through a laser light scattered by the respective cell. Based on this light scattering, both granularity and volume of the cells are measured and these signals are displayed on the monitor in an x-y diagram. In this way, cells of the same group can be electronically sorted out of a cell mixture and identified.
- By means of specific, monoclonal, fluorescence-coupled antibodies (mAk), surface molecules (see CD classification below) of the cells can be determined and thus certain properties and functions of the cells can be defined (see also basophil activation test).
- The measuring device consists of a combined system of optics and electronics. The fluorescent dyes coupled to the mAk`s are first excited by a laser. The emitted fluorescence signals are then received by photon amplifiers and finally transmitted as an event to a computer where they can be processed. Depending on the specification of the equipment used, three or more different fluorescent dyes can be used simultaneously in one analysis. Excited by laser light, they then emit easily separable light signals that can be analyzed separately with detectors.
IndicationThis section has been translated automatically.
Application among others for:
- Characterization of cutaneous lymphomas
- Cell activation detection
- HIV infection (diagnostics and therapy courses)
- Apoptosis detection (influence of drugs, e.g. after high-dose steroid therapy, after UVA or UVB irradiation)
- Intracellular cytokine detection (characterization of Th1/TH2 cells)
- Cell cycle analyses of cell populations (determination of Go/G1/G2/ M/S phase)
- Phagocytosis measurements (monocytes and granulocytes)
- Measurements of the respiratory burst (monocytes and granulocytes)
- Basophile activation test (e.g. in case of suspected wasp venom allergy; latex allergy see below Basophile granulation test)
- Sperm analysis.
TablesThis section has been translated automatically.
|
CD3 |
CD13 |
CD15 |
CD20 |
CD30 |
CD34 |
CD45 |
CD68 |
CD75 |
CD79a |
oct-2 |
Pax-5 |
PU.1 |
TdT |
Precursor B-cell neoplasia |
- |
- |
|
-/+ |
- |
+/- |
+/- |
- |
|
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
Mature B-cell neoplasia |
- |
- |
|
+ |
-/+ |
- |
+ |
-/+ |
|
+ |
|
|
|
- |
Precursor T-cell neoplasia |
+ |
-/+ |
|
- |
- |
-/+ |
+/- |
- |
|
-/+ |
|
|
|
+/- |
Mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasia |
+/- |
- |
|
- |
-/+ |
- |
+ |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma |
- |
|
- |
+ |
- |
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma |
- |
|
+/- |
-/+ |
+ |
|
- |
|
- |
|
-/+ |
+ |
- |
|
Acute myeloid leukaemia |
- |
+/- |
|
- |
- |
-/+ |
+/- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
-/+ |
Mast cell neoplasia |
- |
+ |
|
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
Neoplasia of dendritic/ histiocytic cells |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
+/- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
Prof. Dr. med. Peter Altmeyer
